He was the chief executive officer of a family of lines headed by the Great Northern Railway, which served a substantial area of the Upper Midwest, the northern Great Plains, and Pacific Northwest. As a child he encountered a serious accident, where he was struck by an arrow in his right eye that blinded his eye forever. In 1887, the Great Northern's first company headquarters building was constructed in St. Paul. Under his management, StPM&M prospered. After amassing a personal fortune estimated at $63 million and over $200 million in related assets, James J. Hill died in his Summit Avenue home on May 29, 1916, one of the wealthiest and most powerful figures of America's Gilded Age. History The city that is now North Oaks was purchased by Hill in 1883 and turned into a 5,000-acre research farm. In 1880, its net worth was $728,000 (equal to $20,441,738 today); in 1885 it was $25,000,000, equal to $753,981,481 today. He cherished summers at the family's North Oaks farm and an annual spring trip to his hunting lodge in Quebec for salmon fishing. Built at a cost of $930,000 and with 36,000 square feet (3,300 m2), the James J. Hill House was among the city's largest. 651-297-2555 James J. Hill was known as the "Empire Builder" for his work in founding and developing the Great . At the end of his life, Hill was asked by a newspaper reporter to reveal the secret of his success. Updated: Mar 30, 2021 Photo: Bettmann/Getty Images In 1995, Burlington Northern merged with the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway to become the Burlington Northern and Santa Fe Railway. In 1867, Hill entered the coal business, and by 1879 it had expanded five times over, giving Hill a local monopoly in the anthracite coal business. Mary Theresa Mehegan was born in New York City on July 1, 1846. The Churchills' first child, Diana, was born in July 1909; the second, Randolph, in May 1911. Sitting on a bluff overlooking the Mississippi River and the city of St. Paul, the 36,500-square-foot, forty-two-room James J. Hill House stands as a monument to the man who built the Great Northern Railway. Over the next 18 years they had 10 children: Mary, James, Louis, Clara, Katherine (who died in infancy), Charlotte, Ruth, Rachel, Gertrude, and Walter. On March 14, the Northern Securities Company was ordered to be dissolved under the Sherman Antitrust Act. Hillsboro, North Dakota; Hill County, Montana; and Hillyard, Washington (now a neighborhood of Spokane) - are named for him. James J. Hill III's House (Google Maps). He was within 40,000 shares of control when Hill learned of Harriman's activities and quickly contacted J. P. Morgan, who was on vacation in Europe at the time. Plaintiffs James and Rana Cawlo are parents of twin year-old daughters, and The Cawlo family lives in the Rose Hill Park subdivision of Alexandria, Virginia. Because of the size of this region and the economic dominance exerted by the Hill lines, Hill became known during his lifetime as The Empire Builder. "Minnesota Deaths and Burials, 1835-1990," index and database. In 1867, Mary Theresa Mehegan, the daughter of Irish immigrants, wed James Jerome Hill, a Canadian immigrant who went on to achieve incredible success. He began his career in transportation in 1856 as a 17-year-old clerk on the St. Paul levee. James J. Hill. [2], Because of his previous experiences in shipping and fuel supply, Hill was able to enter both the coal and steamboat businesses. In 1929, the Great Northern Railway named its flagship passenger train the Empire Builder in his honor. People commented on his piercing gaze and said he held their attention with his quick, animated speech, gesturing expansively and jabbing the air with a hand or finger to make his point. After amassing a personal fortune estimated at $63 million and over $200 million in related assets, James J. Hill died in his Summit Avenue home on May 29, 1916, one of the wealthiest and most powerful figures of Americas Gilded Age. . Died Oct 1708 in Henrico, Colony of Virginia. At the time, the Company designated approximately 900 of the 1,650 acres for a conservation easement managed by the Minnesota Land Trust, keeping in line with the Hill familys vision to develop the area with respect for the natural environment. Heirs of railroad magnate James J. Hill meticulously designed and built the private community of North Oaks over seven decades espousing quality and conservation as core values guiding development. His father was a hired farmer, who received employment occasionally at Ontario in Canada. He also bought out bankrupt businesses, built them up again, and then resold themoften gaining a substantial profit. By the late 1870s, James Hill's growing fortunes and family required a larger home that reflected his elevated status within the community. After the first punishing year of World War I, the Allied Powers desperately needed financial support to continue the war effort. All of them? Watson was the mayor in 1998 when the original PUD documents were created. Many speculators, who had sold Northern Pacific "short" in the anticipation of a drop in the railroad's price, faced ruin. The circumstances warrant an ethics investigation regarding Dr. Magners involvement in this issue. At the end of his life, Hill was asked by a newspaper reporter to reveal the secret of his . [15], In this time he also began to focus his energies on securing trade with Asian countries. It was a notable victory for the young labor organizer Eugene Debs (and occurred a few years before the more famous Pullman strike in Chicago) and marked a significant change in workers' rights. Together they not only bought the railroad, they also vastly expanded it by bargaining for trackage rights with Northern Pacific Railway. He also took strong measures to economizein just one year, Hill cut the railway's expense of carrying a ton of freight by thirteen percent. In later years, he explained his economic philosophy in the book Highways of Progress and continued the campaign to convert the farmers of the Northwest to the principles of scientific agriculture, often testing breeds of cattle and strains of grain at his own farms. Hill undertook to establish a monopoly of the steamboat business; he was monopolizing coal, socializing with bankers, and buying other businesses at the same time. In February 1902, President Theodore Roosevelt began prosecution of the Northern Securities Company under the Sherman Antitrust Act. 1 1.JAMES1 HILL was born Abt. The New York Times described Mr. Hill, in his obituary, as "gifted with fine tastes and a keen artistic sense of beauty of form and color, and his collections of art and jewels were among the finest in the country.". discoveries. Although Hill had little formal education, he went on to build the . His first job in St. Paul was with a steamboat company, where he worked as a bookkeeper. A portrait of James J. Hill is now hung in the library in his home. James J. Hill household, 1895 state census, Ramsey County, Minnesota, population schedule, Saint Paul, Ward 7, Precinct 2, page 89; GSU Film Number 000565801. Upon completion of the Summit Avenue residence, Hill had the family's old house, which he had constructed in 1878, razed. The result was chaos on Wall Street. When he was looking for the best path for one of his tracks to take, he went on horseback and scouted it personally. His ability to ride out the depression garnered him fame and admiration. (Family photo) Article. Because of vandals or curious admirers both graves were later moved to Resurrection Cemetery in St. Paul for safer keeping. If the federal government believed that the railroads were making too much profit, they might see this as an opportunity to force lowering of the railway tariff rates. The Supreme Court in 1904 ordered it to be dissolved as a monopoly. This last attempt lasted from 1955 until final United States Supreme Court approval and merger in March, 1970, which created the Burlington Northern Railroad. James Hill Sr. Born 1656 in Colony of Virginia. "A Gilded Age Businessman in Politics: James J. Hill, the Northwest, and the American Presidency, 1884-1912,", This page was last edited on 15 December 2022, at 06:08. In 1958, he was inducted into the Hall of Great Westerners of the National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum.[29]. Funding provided by the State of Minnesota, the Legacy Amendment through the vote of Minnesotans on Nov. 4, 2008, and our generous donors and members. Hill teamed up with Norman Kittson (the man he had merged steamboat businesses with), Donald Smith,[5] George Stephen and John Stewart Kennedy. James Jerome Hill (September 16, 1838 May 29, 1916), was a Canadian-American railroad executive. Neither side could win a distinct advantage, and the parties soon realized that a truce would have to be called. Hill saved money by repeatedly cutting wages, made possible by a time of deflation when prices were falling generally. They remained married for 57 years. A Canadian himself of Scotch-Irish Protestant ancestry, he brought in many men with the same background into high management. Council Member Kara Ries, whos running for mayor in the upcoming election, has been one of the loudest voices of dissent throughout the process. When she died in 1921, she had no will, and an equal share of her estate passed to each of her children. Minnesota-EASy, "Minnesota, Marriages, 1849-1950," index and database. Copyright Privacy Information Policy Ticketing Policy. James J. Hill III is one of 10 children of James J. Hill, a Canadian-American railroad executive who built the Great Northern Railway which connecte St. Paul, Minnesota to Seattle, Washington. He offered Japanese Industrialists Southern cotton and would even ship it for free if they would compare it with the short staple cotton they were using with the promise of a refund if they were dissatisfied, which they were not. Login to find your connection. For three years, Hill researched the StP&P and finally concluded that it would be possible to make a good deal of money off the StP&P, provided that the initial capital could be found. Samuel Hill was born to Quakers, an abolitionist physician and his wife, in North Carolina in 1857. By 1860, he was working for wholesale grocers, for whom he handled freight transfers, especially dealing with railroads and steamboats. 47 Copy quote. To that end, Hill was a major figure in the effort launched by J.P. Morgan to float the Anglo-French Bond drive of 1915, which allowed the Allies to purchase much-needed foodstuffs and other supplies. Although Great Northern and Northern Pacific were backed by J. P. Morgan and James J. Hill, the Union Pacific was backed not only by its president, Edward H. Harriman, but by the extremely powerful William Rockefeller and Jacob Schiff. Upon graduation in 1878, Hill went to Harvard and received a second bachelor's degree in . To that end, Hill was a major figure in the effort launched by J.P. Morgan to float the Anglo-French Bond drive of 1915, which allowed the Allies to purchase much-needed foodstuffs and other supplies. With these friendly relations established, Hill managed to secure the industrializing Japanese order for 15,000 tons of rails against competition from England and Belgium. During this period, Hill began to work for himself for the first time. 1861 in St. Winnow, Cornwall, England?.He married MARY ANN PINE Abt. Does facial recognition technology endanger patient privacy? That, and his hard micromanaging practices, eventually led to a railway-wide strike and the workers' unionization under the leadership of Eugene V. Debs. Quietly, Harriman began buying stock in Northern Pacific with the intention of gaining control of Chicago, Burlington, and Quincy. The train continues as Amtrak's daily Empire Builder, which uses former Great Northern tracks west of St. Paul, Minnesota. Because of the size of this region and the economic dominance exerted by the Hill lines, Hill . The theory was that if a fire broke out and the ceiling caved in, the sand would drop and retard or suppress the fire. "Highways of Progress", The Minerva Group, Inc. 27 Copy quote. Between 1856 and 1859 he prospered in a series of wood and coal merchandising partnerships. Much of his collection is hanging in the Minneapolis Institute of Arts, the majority of pieces having been donated by his heirs. Hill County, Montana is named in his honor. The Hill Library has developed numerous online programs and now serves millions of small business owners worldwide. In May 1879, the St. Paul, Minneapolis, and Manitoba Railway Co. (StPM&M) formedwith James J. Hill as general manager. He also built the Spokane, Portland and Seattle Railway. Unfortunately for the Hill-Morgan alliance, on the same day they formed the Northern Securities Company, President William McKinley was assassinated, placing Theodore Rooseveltthe "trust-buster"in the office of President. Did you tell the truth the whole time? Nelson said, to which Ries responded vaguely. Although Great Northern and Northern Pacific were backed by J. P. Morgan and James J. Hill, the Union Pacific was backed not only by its president, Edward H. Harriman, but by the extremely powerful William Rockefeller and Jacob Schiff. It was originally the farm and summer home of the James J Hill family and his descendants still oversee its development today. Paul. Showing academic ability, however, he received free tuition at Rockwood Academy. In order to ensure that he did not lose his patronage during the crisis, Hill lowered rail tariff shipping rates for farmers and gave credit to many of the businesses he owned so they could continue paying their workers. The City Council then convened on July 27 for a special meeting to discuss the Companys complaints. One of his challenges at this point was the avoidance of federal action against railroads. After 20 years working in the shipping business on the Mississippi and Red rivers, Hill and several other investors purchased the nearly bankrupt St. Paul and Pacific Railroad in 1878. Rachel Hill married physician Egil Boeckmann in 1913 at the Hill House at 240 Summit. Homes Addeddate 2008-02-06 15:06:13 Associated-names Allen, Joshua, 1800-; Homes, Henry A. Hill Family Website Registry A Comprehensive list of WebSites and HomePages pertaining to the surname HILL. Descendants. Over 400 workers labored on the project. For James Hill it was a golden opportunity. Hill was born in Eramosa Township, Wellington County, Upper Canada (now Ontario). Through hard work, perseverance, and sometimes sheer luck, Hill amassed a fortune in the railroad industry though his company Great Northern. During the winter months when the Mississippi River was frozen and steamboats could not run, Hill started bidding on other contracts and won several. He wanted people settling along his rail lines, so he sold homesteads to immigrants and then imported them to their new homes (on his rail lines, of course). The reading room at the James J. Hill Center is seen from the second-floor balcony inside the nearly 100-year-old building on Thursday. The City Council revisited the matter at an August 13 meeting, at which point Dr. Magner had cut off all communication with city leaders. Roosevelt wasted little time in breaking apart the trust. The move was politically unpopular and in clear violation of Minnesota statutes. The Northern Pacific and the "short squeeze" of 1901, The Hill Lines survive the trust-busting era, Claire Strom, "Among Friends: The Power of Ethnicity in the Great Northern Railway Corporation,", Don L. Hofsommer, "Ore Docks and Trains: The Great Northern Railway and the Mesabi Range,", Frank Leonard, "Railroading a Renegade: Great Northern Ousts John Hendry in Vancouver,", Webvideo:James J. Hill and the Building of the Stone Arch Bridge, Last edited on 15 December 2022, at 06:08, Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis, National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum, James J. Hill and the Building of His Railroad Empire, Harry Elmer Barnes: The World War of 19141918, Great Northern Lofts - Condo and Loft Directory, "James Hill legacy a wealth of information", "James J. Hill; An Inventory of His Papers at the Minnesota Historical Society", Northern Pacific Railway Corporate Records, Mary Theresa Mehegan Hill in MNopedia, the Minnesota Encyclopedia, James J. Hill in MNopedia, the Minnesota Encyclopedia, The Destruction of a Wealth and Jobs Creator by Parasitical-Elites, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_J._Hill&oldid=1127524764, Mary Francis Hill Hill (18691947), who married, Clara Anne Hill Lindley (18731947), who married, Katherine Theresa Hill (18751876) (died in infancy), Charlotte Elizabeth Hill Slade (18771923), who married, Rachel Hill Boeckmann (18811967), who married. Nancy, David and his brother Frank were notorous outlaws during the economic downturn be carried was james j hill descendants today by family. An enthusiastic conservationist, Hill was invited by President Theodore Roosevelt to a governors' conference on conservation of natural resources, and later appointed to a lands commission. James J Hill 3rd - Author. All of the land in North Oaks, including the roads, is private property. He also ran model experimental farms in Minnesota, such as North Oaks, to develop superior livestock and crop yields for the settlers locating near his railroads. I would have to go back and review all of what I said, Ries replied. After the first punishing year of World War I, the Allied Powers desperately needed financial support to continue the war effort. "James J. Hill and the Trade with the Orient. James J Hill of Harris County, Texas was born c. 1950. (1838-1916). Death in 1916. His particular talents for English and mathematics would be helpful in his career. James Jerome Hill (September 16, 1838 - May 29, 1916) was a Canadian-American railroad director. The introduced crop weed in Western US wheat-growing areas Sisymbrium altissimum also has a common name "Jim Hill Mustard", after the belief by farmers that it was spread from contaminated seed leaking out of railway stock along the railroads he controlled. Funny, Giving, Sweden. The 1893 depression saw the collapse of many businesses, including railroads, throughout the United States. Hill's historic home is located next to the cathedral, largely due to the special relationship Hill's wife, a practicing Catholic, had with the Diocese. A dispute over one of the last-remaining parcels of undeveloped land in a private St. Paul suburb established by the heirs of railroad magnate James J. Hill has the local community scrambling for answers just a week before the election. They lived at 366 Summit Avenue in a home that is still standing. James Jerome Hill was born on Sept. 16, 1838, near Guelph, Ont. Hill's father died when the boy was 14, so Jim Hill began clerking in local shops before setting off to seek his fortune. Workers went on strike that year. The threat of a real economic panic loomed. Another point of concern raised by Ries fellow council members was the fact that she brought Dr. Magner to conduct a review of the site without following proper procedures, including seeking permission from the Company the typical process for requesting a tour of the land, Nelson said. In rare moments away from work, Hill devoted himself to amassing an impressive collection of French landscape painting showcased in the two-story art gallery of his Summit Avenue mansion. James J Hill: Empire Builder without Peer. Son of James Hill and Anne Hill The process has involved reviews from the Vadnais Lakes Area Water Management Organization, the city arborist, two independent city attorneys, three city engineers, two city administrators, the Planning Commission, multiple Company consultants, and [the North Oaks Home Owners Association], over a period of approximately 18 months, said Kingston. To promote settlement and revenue for his rail business, Hill experimented with agriculture and worked to hybridize Russian wheat for Dakota soil and weather conditions. Over the next two decades, he worked relentlessly to push the line north to Canada and then west across the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific Ocean. The case was carried to the US Supreme Court, and Northern Securities was declared to be in restraint of trade in a 5-4 decision in March 1904. It was obtained by the Minnesota Historical Society in 1978 and today is operated as a museum and gallery. 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