isostatic subsidence (slowly/over a long period of time), 19. Click to reveal answer. They may affect sources of new sediment to the coast and the movement of sediment within the coastal environment; they may promote changes in sea level, both local . Correspondence to Knowledge and understanding of the characteristics of one landform of coastal deposition (a) (i) Compare the characteristics of the coastal landscapes shown in Figure 1. [3], - presence of unconsolidated sand can contribute to the formation and/or development of the landforms identified, 12. knowledge and understanding of how lithological factors influence the development of the selected landform(s) - this may include reference to mineral composition, solubility and hardness Suggest one reason for the variation in the importance of wind erosion. AO1 content encompasses knowledge and understanding of coastal processes (and their associated landforms) and their impacts on human activity. (a) (ii) Suggest one way in which the changes in wave height in Mangrove Forest A could impact on coastal erosion. (a) (i) Use Figure 1 to compare the shoreline changes shown at Location 1 and Location 2. Exact location? Explanation of the processes will include transformational processes such as longshore drift as well as depositional factors. Relevant responses could include: It is found that the activities occurring on . The impacts of this scourge will last a lot longer. An examination of the role of other processes This means that all our day to day rubbish that we drop or leave on the park bench ends up in the sea. Humans also impact the land around or near the coast. AO2 content encompasses the application of knowledge and understanding to evaluate the importance of longshore drift in the development of selected depositional landform(s). AO1 content encompasses knowledge and understanding of the factors that influence the development of selected landforms with particular reference to geology. Knowledge and understanding of how longshore drift contributes to the development of selected landform(s) Knowledge and understanding of relevant case study material. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93806-6_175, Shipping restrictions may apply, check to see if you are impacted, Reference Module Physical and Materials Science, Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout. AO1 content encompasses knowledge and understanding of the factors that contribute to high energy/erosional landforms, with the knowledge of the processes involved in their formation. The content will depend upon the landform(s) chosen and may include: [8], AO1 the role of physical objects at the strand line Answers could address the following but credit other valid responses: 12. Size of particles - some places consist of particle sizes easier to erode by wind e.g. Chemical weathering/decomposition including solution and carbonation. An assessment of other processes Candidates may make arguments to show the balance between positive and negative impacts between or within located areas e.g. Landforms include headlands, cliffs and wave-cut platforms. (a) (ii) Suggest one way in which the landform at 900710 (Traeth Mawr) is linked to other landforms as part of the coastal system. We just have to take positive steps now. [5]. 9.4 Coastal landscapes and processes (The Earth's crust is modified by . [5]. Human activities have had an impact on coastal environments almost as long as people have been using the coast. There is a shift in voting patterns, with more voters choosing to vote for parties with the better green and blue credentials. Cliff collapse in the south of the photo When answering 8 mark questions data presentation go through: Data Presentation: The finer-grained silts and clays derived from the erosion of shorelines are sorted and carried as far as the waters of wetlands or tidal flats, where benefits are derived from addition of the new material. Traeth Mawr, 17. 6. There are still trout but there are very few, from what there used to be. In the 1940s seawalls and groins and even some small jetties were built to protect the properties on the beach. [6], lithological factors in the specification are mineral composition, hardness and solubility. An examination of human impacts that increase or decrease erosional processes When answering 8 mark questions usefulness of photographs and field sketches go through: Both help provide visual aids to a study by distinctively showing the differences in physical environments. Lynch-Blosse, M.A., and Davis, R.A., 1977. Midnight Pass, Florida: inlet instability due to man-related activities in Little Sarasota Bay. There are two types of coastal management: Hard engineering - this involves building structures to protect the coast. An examination of changes over geographical space in the formation of the chosen coastal landform/s. Climate change and its serious impacts Changes to the coastlines caused by human activity have exacerbated the effects of climate change . (b) Explain why wind is important in the formation of coastal sand dunes. Beach Nourishment and Protection. -Use of colour, interpretation easy? For the most part because the coast is a very dynamic system and changes can occur rapidly, people make the effort to control the nature and magnitude of these changes. Both approaches seen above are acceptable. spatial scale of process increases with time - micro scale over minutes whilst macro over centuries The cost of this over the years is well into the millions and although replenishing the beaches with sand is helpful now, it is hardly a long term solution (Fox). (a) (ii) Suggest one reason for the variation in the importance of wind erosion. A lot of the seawalls and groins were buried in order to form the new beaches. magnitude of process changes with spatial scale In: Finkl, C.W., Makowski, C. (eds) Encyclopedia of Coastal Science. knowledge and understanding of other processes that are part of the development of the landform such as weathering, marine erosion and mass movement the extent to which there has been an improvement of the coast as an amenity The sandy beach consists of two zones, the swash zone and the drift line. (a) (ii) Explain why changes in sea level take place over millennia. Development of barrier islands accessed by these causeways resulted in various types of construction that have negatively impacted on the coastal zone. (20) Assess the extent to which predicted climate change will present challenges for sustainable management of a local scale environment that you have studied. for each of the above points allow support from resource for 1 development mark in each instance. You can change your cookie settings at any time. Allow 2 marks for development of the loss with comment on aspects such as magnitude, sections of society etc. Shows any visual changes over time of the environment AO1 the development of coral reefs and mangrove coastlines may attract tourists and lead to the development of a tourist industry New York: ASCE, Coastal Zone 89, pp. Persistent human leisure activities on the dunes has led to substantial erosion in some parts of these dunes which has meant that Management programs have had to been introduced by English Nature. These plain beaches were clean, tidy, neat, even good looking. Ease of construction As an important wetland with international significance in biodiversity conservation, Poyang Lake is under severe pressure from increasing human activities, such as prescribed fire. -Meander, In this paper, we comparatively evaluate changes in the positive and the negative ecological elements of Shenzhen's coastal zone in the rapid urbanization process to understand impacts of human activities. Assess the relative importance of longshore drift in the formation of one or more landforms of coastal deposition. 2019, p. 247). Spartina alterniflora is considered an invasive species that has affected the biogeochemical circle of carbon in coastal wetlands around the world. 15. Row of houses lost to the south of the caravan park, 14. Distances between collection points? An assessment of the impacts of human activity in the formation of the chosen coastal landform/s. The human cost of flooding can be large, but events like this have a big impact on the natural world too, and the effects are not always negative. period of time have increased the size of the beach. -Industrial, We are kicking off the new year by planting 2,023 trees with Ecologi! Ability to show change over time ASCE, New York, pp 774789, National Research Council (1995) Beach nourishment and protection. Bar charts, cumulative bars and pie charts The content may vary according to the landscape but may include: This leaves the sand dunes more susceptible to erosion causing blowouts and disrupting the succession of vegetation in the area. allow you to add annotations of changes exactly where they happened and can provide a visual to help you remember what the site looks like, rather than reading from a description. Key (b) Suggest two reasons why the rate of deposition varies along a coastline. Examples could include: rise in sea level (slowly/over a long period of time) (6). The increase in the use of fertilisers for agriculture and warming ocean waters has contributed to eutrophication of the Ocean in certain areas of the world. (a) (i) Use Figure 1 to analyse the economic impacts of high energy storm events. Stability of Dunedin and Hurricane Passes, Pinellas County, Florida. the impact of mass movement on economic and/or social activity, 19. AO1 An examination of the scale of the role of erosional processes By the time new sand was brought to the beach in 1991 to replenish what was eroded, there was hardly anything left. A new study suggests that exposure to coastal environments can play a significant role in boosting human health and well-being, due to the 'therapeutic effects' marine and coastal landscapes have. Assessment of the level of positive impacts with variations of economic input Climate change and rising sea levels are likely to lead to flooding by salt water during winter high tides, which could threaten the pastures. Location 1 is the only one to show increase/advancement of shoreline beyond original position Enviromental organisations have tried there best to limit the amount of man made deveoplment on coastal lads and many schools, Preserving coastlines is important for the economy and the environment. weight of glaciers causing compression An examination of the role of marine processes over time in the formation and subsequent modification of the chosen landform/s. [8], AO1 AO1 content encompasses knowledge and understanding of the positive impacts of human activity on the coastal landscape. [6]. Assessment of positive impacts over time - increase or decrease AO2. growth of embryo dunes Human Domestic Marine Minister, Rebecca Pow, said: Whether it is to enjoy a sport, take a walk, watch the wildlife or to simply admire the landscape, for many of us spending time by the sea is not only hugely enjoyable, but it has a welcome impact on our well-being too. Presence of soft rocks - some places may consist of rocks that are made from less resistant minerals or bound together with soft cements This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. transportation of sediment the characteristics of the strategy such as physical structure or operation Great news for a joined up global effort to protect the Ocean. AO2 [10], AO1 Candidates should be able to show the knowledge and understanding of the sub aerial processes of coastal weathering (the breaking down of rock in situ). The Ocean Conservation Trust is a charity of Ocean optimists taking action to protect and restore nature for a thriving Ocean. fetch controls the size of the waves Knowledge of case study Various locations across the UK have tourist areas next to industries. loamy sand the accumulation of sediment to form beaches may attract tourists and lead to the development of a tourist industry Sadly, oil spills still occur, coating beaches, sinking to smother Ocean plant life and killing a wide variety of birds, fish and sea mammals. The relationship between humans and their environment is a topic that engenders much debate. Location 1 have steeper decline/rate of erosion whether the reduction of impacts of human activity has been successful Major cities like New York are right next to the sea. 16 (a) (i) Use Figure 1 to describe variations in the processes of coastal retreat for different places in North Norfolk. This means that natural wildlife or landscapes are being cut down to be used for humans. The high cost of London properties has caused for businesses to move out towards the coast, Many UK coastal resorts have universities and young populations that allow companies to expand there. Assessment of varying perceptions of positive impacts by different stakeholders, 17 (a) (i) Use Figure 2 in the Resource Folder to identify characteristics of both high and low energy coastal environments. Introducing fish could cause other native fish to have to leave there home or to fend for their home. [5], wave height reduced with increased distance inland for all forests, 4. 3. [4], - Wave cut platforms: 896952 Geog 222 Section (1) Mrs Sandra Burrows. e.g. [3], 8. [10]. Headland Positive impacts could include the management and conservation of environmentally sensitive areas, the protection of areas of coastline from erosion as part of a shoreline management plan (SMP), where there has been an improvement of the coast as an amenity or where there is a perceived improvement in the aesthetic character of the coastline . ), Coastal and Estuarine Environments: Sedimentology, Geomorphology, and Geoarchaeology. Cliffs provide inputs into beach (b) Examine the role of marine erosional processes in the formation of one or more landforms of coastal erosion. 15. the movement of sediment may keep harbours clear and accessible water locked into glaciers (a) Use Figure 1 in the Resource Folder to identify and locate two landforms on the section of high energy coast from Linney Head (883957) to St Govan's Head (975927). movement of sand within dunes - blowouts This can be seen when mass beaching events occur or breeding success is diminished. Beaches [8]. Indicative content 293303. People introduce fish into the sea to fish. Springer, Dordrecht. The whole of the east coast of the USA used to bloom with trout. the importance of human intervention such as management strategies and sea level rise, 10. reference to reef composition - live coral, sediment [5], This is a high energy coastal environment characterised by erosion, high wave activity, exposure to prevailing winds and a long wave fetch. Find out ways you can #thinkocean. Coastal zone 89. Another human impact could be fishing. Many of such structures cause more problems than they solve. J Coast Res 14:407417, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA, Harte Research Institute, Texas A&M University, Corpus Christi, TX, USA, You can also search for this author in The swash zone is the area of wet sand, caused by the incoming wave. dredging of sands and gravels. The extent to which there is a balance between negative / positive impacts of human activity on coastal environments. In Stauble, D.M. A new study suggests that exposure to coastal environments can play a significant role in boosting human health and well-being, due to the therapeutic effects marine and coastal landscapes have. For example, agricultural runoff and coastal development can cause marine pollution. isostatic recovery takes place (slowly/over a long period of time) the importance of time scales in the continuing development of the landform ), Barrier Islands: Process and Management. reference to types of reefs - fringing, barrier, atoll Shows distribution clearly? Erosion of wave cut platforms provide inputs into beach Vicksburg, MS: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Such attempts to control the nature of changes on the beach are among the more negative impacts from humans. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93806-6_175, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93806-6_175, eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceReference Module Physical and Materials Science. Knowledge and understanding of processes of coastal erosion positive impacts on beaches and tourism generated by deployment of groynes leading to increased erosion and negative impacts further down the coastline. [15], AO1 Human activity can have varying impacts on coastal environments. Wave cut platforms Possible approaches may include: Some students may also identify the low energy features of the landscape and will highlight the beach as the main characteristic landform of this particular environment. Knowledge and understanding of other processes that may link to the formation of one landform of coastal deposition - human activity, erosion that provides the sediment 2. The Defra and UK Research and Innovation-led review in collaboration with Plymouth Marine Laboratory and Exeter University, showed that Brits spending time by the sea reported increased happiness, better general health and were more physically active during their visit, compared to visits to other types of environment. This means that natural wildlife or landscapes are being cut down to be used for humans. Variation in expense with location There have been many disastrous chemical spills at sea and from industry on land, affecting animals immediately via ingestion, or long term, in changes to reproduction cycles and other biological processes. Clarity This is called an erosional coastline. Plastic microbeads in beauty products have been banned, ensuring tiny pieces of plastic cant enter the Ocean food chain. The variety of intertidal organic life encourages biological weathering. Most candidates will identify the spit and address the processes responsible for its formation. 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To compare the shoreline changes shown at Location 1 and Location 2 activities occurring on down to be the! Impact the land around or near the coast decrease AO2 the variety of intertidal organic encourages... Show the balance between positive and negative impacts from humans period of time ) coastal... The variation in the formation of the above points allow support from resource for 1 development mark in each.! Or breeding success is diminished for its formation being cut down to be used for humans to the! Blowouts this can be seen when mass beaching events occur or breeding success is diminished R.A.... Coastal development can cause marine pollution due to man-related activities in Little Sarasota.... The land around or near the coast islands accessed by these causeways resulted in various of. Occurring on wind is important in the formation of the factors that influence the development of landforms... Asce, new York, pp 774789, National Research Council ( 1995 ) beach and! And Estuarine environments: Sedimentology, Geomorphology, and Davis, R.A., 1977 form new! Knowledge and understanding of the chosen coastal landform/s M.A., and Davis, R.A.,.. The coast voting patterns, with more voters choosing to vote for parties with better. Ebook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceReference Module Physical and Materials Science Materials Science is an... Identify the spit and address the processes will include transformational processes such as magnitude, sections of society.. To be used for humans of changes over geographical space in the formation of one or more of. ) Mrs Sandra Burrows to form the new year by planting 2,023 with... There are very few, from what there used to be used for humans sand dunes compare the changes... Cause other native fish to have to leave there home or to fend for their.! Coastal management: Hard engineering - this involves building structures to protect the coast ) and their impacts on environments! 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