karate framework for ui automation

3+ years Selenium, Cucumber, BDD, Gherkin Karate or RestAssured framework, Jenkins and SonarCube . So how can you get this value injected into the Karate configuration ? # behind the scenes, it could be creating (or over-writing) a bunch of variables ! Example: Note that if you do this immediately after a page-load, in some cases you need to wait for the page to fully load. There are examples of calling JVM classes in the section on Java Interop and in the file-upload demo. You can do so by setting the charset to null via the configure keyword: If you need headers to be dynamically generated for each HTTP request, use a JavaScript function with configure headers instead of JSON. But when the time comes for running your web-UI automation tests on a continuous integration server, things get interesting. And since you can easily extend Karate using JavaScript, there is no need to compile Java code any more. If you have one pre-started, you need to use the playwrightUrl driver config. This is useful in any situation where you need to concatenate dynamic string fragments to form content such as GraphQL or SQL. Typical symptoms are your tests working fine via the IDE but not when running via Maven or Gradle. We can use this with param in And condition like below. Do note that when passing JSON, the default Map and List representations should suffice for most needs (see example), and using them would avoid un-necessary string-conversion. The method argument is JSON, so that you can pass more data in addition to the value such as domain and url. But to be able to run JUnit 5 tests from the command-line, you need to ensure that the latest version of the maven-surefire-plugin is present in your project pom.xml (within the / section): To run a single test method, for example the testTags() in the example above, you can do this: Also look at how to run tests via the command-line and the parallel runner. But when you use the visible text-content, for example the text within a or hyperlink (), performing a selection can be far easier. The only rule is that on start-up Karate expects a file called karate-config.js to exist on the classpath and contain a JavaScript function. Prefer classpath: when a file is expected to be heavily re-used all across your project. You can refer to the Java interface definition of the driver object to better understand what the various operations are. Embedded expressions also make more sense in validation and schema-like short-cut situations. This comes in useful because depending on how you organize your files and folders - you can have multiple feature files executed by a single JUnit test-class. Normally an undefined variable results in nasty JavaScript errors. """, """ The syntax is similar to def but instead of a named variable, you update configuration. A very useful behavior when you combine the optional marker with an embedded expression is as follows: if the embedded expression evaluates to null - the JSON key (or XML element or attribute) will be deleted from the payload (the equivalent of remove). Comma delimited values are supported which can be more convenient, and takes care of URL-encoding and appending / between path segments as needed. This is optional, and Karate will work without the logging config in place, but the default console logging may be too verbose for your needs. See below screenshot I have created new put feature file and written Put method for updating employee name. using the set keyword. To force a null value, wrap it in parentheses: An alternate way to create data is using the set multiple syntax. In situations where you start an (embedded) application server as part of the test set-up phase, a typical challenge is that the HTTP port may be determined at run-time. You can find more examples here: xml.feature. If you really need to have an empty body, you can use an empty string as shown below, and you can force the right Content-Type header by using the header keyword. returns the operating system details as JSON, for e.g. """, """ Note that #present and #notpresent only make sense when you are matching within a JSON or XML context or using a JsonPath or XPath on the left-hand-side. Being able to define and re-use JavaScript functions is a powerful capability of Karate. For example - if a response data element or downloaded file is YAML and you need to use the data in subsequent steps. The business of web-services testing requires access to low-level aspects such as HTTP headers, URL-paths, query-parameters, complex JSON or XML payloads and response-codes. Example: Get the HTML element attribute value by attribute name. Note that for very complicated projects you can consider using a Maven profile so that testing-related dependencies dont collide with your development-time dependencies. The JS API has a karate.signal(result) method that is useful for involving asynchronous flows into a test. }, } This is rarely used, unless you are expecting binary content returned by the server. 1. . Teams typically define complicated JSON (or XML) payloads in a file and then re-use this in multiple scripts. karate.appendTo(keys, x); You can also find a nice visual comparison and explanation here. When you use a JUnit runner - after the execution of each feature, an HTML report is output to the target/karate-reports folder and the full path will be printed to the console (see video). For example, where it is easy (or you already have a reference) to locate some element and you want to use that as a base to perform something on some other element which may not have a unique id or css / XPath locator. Multi-values are supported the way you would expect (e.g. Here is an example which also demonstrates how you could assert for expected values in the response XML. So the above could be re-written as follows: It is worth repeating that the above can be condensed into 2 lines. The example below combines this with the advanced features described above. The following short-cut is also supported which will disable all logs: When you use a re-usable feature that has commonly used utilities, you may want to hide this completely from the HTML reports. entityState: "ACTIVE" A JavaScript function or Karate expression at runtime has access to a utility object in a variable named: karate. A typical need would be to perform a sign in, or create a fresh user as a pre-requisite for the scenarios being tested. In rare cases, you may want to check what the type of the response is and it can be one of 3 different values: json, xml and string. And you can consider a driverTarget approach for complex needs such as using a Docker container for CI. This can be really convenient, for example to never run some tests in a certain production like or sensitive environment. The built-in retry until syntax should suffice for most needs, but if you have some specific needs, this demo example (using JavaScript) should get you up and running: polling.feature. The special predicate marker #? name: John Refer to the cats-java.feature demo for an example. And you dont need to line-up an assortment of shell-scripts to do all these things. Since XML is represented internally as a JSON-like or map-like object, if you perform string concatenation when printing, you will not see XML - which can be confusing at first. Karate is the only open-source tool to combine API test-automation, mocks, performance-testing and even UI automation into a single, unified framework. We recommend that you use the Karate extension for Visual Studio Code - and with that, JavaScript, .NET and Python programmers will feel right at home. If you have a custom implementation of a Target, you can easily construct any custom Java class and pass it to configure driverTarget. It is worth taking a few minutes to go through the documentation and examples here: JsonPath Examples. Here is how the example above looks like: Validation can be performed if needed on the response to this HTTP POST which may be HTML, and the karate.extract() API may come in useful. Here is the above example re-written to do so: The result of karate.setup() will be a JSON of all the variables created within the Scenario tagged with @setup. For Gradle, you simply specify the test which is to be include-d: The big drawback of the approach above is that you cannot run tests in parallel. The placeholder format defaults to angle-brackets, for example: . And similarly - for specifying the HTTP proxy. The approach in this section is more suited for troubleshooting in dev-mode, using your IDE. In the above example, the end-result of the call to my-signin.feature resulted in the authToken variable being initialized. if there is no matching tag - that the Examples without a tag will be executed. Get all my courses for USD 5.99/Month - https://bit.ly/all-courses-subscriptionIn this Karate Tutorial, we will learn about webelement functions in Karate, l. Note that the ? The steps which are defined under background will run before each and every scenario for a feature file. If you wanted to check if the Element returned exists, you can use the present property getter as follows: But what is most useful is how you can now click only if element exists. Finally, the page is updated to display the first-name, last-name and the image. But normally a match statement is preferred unless you want a really descriptive error message. Of course if you did not care about the page URL assertion (you can still do it later), you could do this. Query Params: To filter/sort the resources from the server we used Query parameter. In such cases, you can always fall-back to a waitForUrl() or a more generic waitFor(). REST-style path parameters. When multipart content is involved, the Content-Type header of the HTTP request defaults to multipart/form-data. But sometimes it is un-avoidable, for example to wait for animations to render - before taking a screenshot. This can be convenient if a particular call results in a huge response payload. One very convenient aspect of configure driverTarget is that if in-scope, it will over-ride any configure driver directives that exist. Note that def will over-write any variable that was using the same name earlier. And then you would see something like this in the console: In most IDE-s, you would even see the URL above as a clickable hyperlink, so just clicking it would end the stop(). Karate has built-in support for re-trying an HTTP request until a certain condition has been met. If you want to keep the level as DEBUG (for HTML reports) but suppress logging to the console, you can comment out the STDOUT root appender-ref: Or another option is to use a ThresholdFilter, so you still see critical logs on the console: If you want to exclude the logs from your CI/CD pipeline but keep them in the execution of your users in their locals you can configure your logback using Janino. You can do this by multiplying by 1 or using the built-in JavaScript parseInt() function: As per the JSON spec, all numeric values are treated as doubles, so for integers - it really doesnt matter if there is a decimal point or not. Heres a reminder that running any single JUnit test via Maven can be done by: Where CatsRunner is the JUnit class name (in any package) you wish to run. } In this tutorial, we will learn API testing using Karate Framework, why we need Karate Framework and also example with GET, POST and PUT method. Billie "b": 2, Once you get used to this, you may even start wondering why projects need a src/test/resources folder at all ! Especially since strings can be easily coerced to numbers (and vice-versa) in Javascript, you can combine built-in validators with the self-validation predicate form like this: '#number? _ >= 0', First the JavaScript file, basic-auth.js: And heres how it works in a test-script using the header keyword. Also works as a getter to retrieve the text of the currently visible dialog: When multiple browser tabs are present, allows you to switch to one based on page title or URL. You can use karate.callSingle() in karate-config.js like this: It can take a second JSON argument following the same rules as call. A good example of the use of form field for a typical sign-in flow is this OAuth 2 demo: oauth2.feature. You can optionally pass in variable values or over-ride config via a HashMap or leave the second-last argument as null. { id: 23, name: 'Bob' }, For more details check this link- Embedded Expression. Billie,LOL Of course the actual time-durations, and logs will be missing, and everything will pass. Observe how you can match the result of a JsonPath expression with your expected data. To do that, add the following: And then the above command in Gradle would look like: The recommended way to define and run test-suites and reporting in Karate is to use the parallel runner, described in the next section. Karate is the only open-source tool to combine API test-automation, mocks, performance-testing and even UI automation into a single, unified framework. This roughly corresponds to a cURL argument of -F @myFile=test.pdf. Also refer to this demo example for a working example of multipart file uploads: upload.feature. Here is an example of using the call keyword to invoke another feature file, loaded using the read function: If you find this hard to understand at first, try looking at this set of examples. One nice thing about the design of the Gherkin syntax is that script-steps are treated the same no matter whether they start with the keyword Given, And, When or Then. // so now the txid_header would be a unique uuid for each request, // hard coded here, but also can be as dynamic as you want, // use the 'karate' helper to do a 'safe' get of a 'dynamic' variable, // the 'appId' variable here is expected to have been set via karate-config.js (bootstrap init) and will never change, # second HTTP call, to get a list of 'projects', # if foo is not defined, it will default to 42. And you can have a nested heirarchy, which means you can neatly name-space your locator reference look-ups - as you will see later below. Because of the last rule above, note that string-concatenation may not work quite the way you expect: Observe how you can achieve string concatenation if you really want, because any valid JavaScript expression can be stuffed within an embedded expression. function(s) { Step 3: Add steps to run a sample GET API request. Both the official Visual Studio Code and IntelliJ plugins support step-through debugging of Karate tests. These are essential HTTP operations, they focus on setting one (un-named or key-less) value at a time and therefore dont need an = sign in the syntax. What we will do is intercept any request to a URL pattern *randomuser.me/* and fake a response. You can find more JSON examples here: js-arrays.feature. Either - it can be assigned to a variable like so. One indicator of a good automation framework is how much work a developer needs to do in order to perform any automation action - such as clicking a button, or retrieving the value of some HTML object / property. Karate provides an elegant native-like experience for placeholder substitution within strings or text content. The BDD syntax popularized by Cucumber is language-neutral, and easy for even non-programmers. It may be easier for you to use the Karate Maven archetype to create a skeleton project with one command. UI API Automation Tester. And path blog Keep in mind that these are tests (not production code) and this config is going to be maintained more by the dev or QE team instead of the ops or operations team. This can be a lot simpler than embedded expressions in many cases, and JavaScript programmers will feel right at home. } 2 Karate uses LOGBack which looks for a file called logback-test.xml on the classpath. return 'this text will be displayed to the user when they click the rebase button' So an additional rule in the above flow of rules (before the first step) is as follows: Karate scripts are technically in Gherkin format - but all you need to grok as someone who needs to test web-services are the three sections: Feature, Background and Scenario. path to file containing the trust chain for your server certificate. The assert keyword can be used to assert that an expression returns a boolean value. A common requirement is to pass dynamic parameter values via the command line, and you can use the karate.properties['some.name'] syntax for getting a system property passed via JVM options in the form -Dsome.name=foo. # this can be a global re-usable function ! But if you are really dealing with an HTML , then read on. A special case of embedded expressions can remove a JSON key (or XML element / attribute) if the expression evaluates to null. created: { on: "#ignore" }, And creating tests may actually turn out to be fun ! Test Automation | Karate Labs Open-source test automation solution used by 42 of the Fortune 500 companies. The above methods return a chainable Finder instance. Important: If you attempt to build a URL in the form ?myparam=value by using path the ? With the Karate framework, testers without a programming background can perform tests more easily. So you have the following type markers you can use instead of def (or the rarely used text). Even Java interop and access to the karate JS API would work. name,type For example: For Gradle, you must extend the test task to allow the karate.options to be passed to the runtime (otherwise they get consumed by Gradle itself). You could get by by renaming the file-extension to say *.txt but an alternative is to use the karate.readAsString() API. Note that the optional(), exists() and locate() APIs are a little different from the other Element actions, because they will not honor any intent to retry() and immediately check the HTML for the given locator. Expressions follow the same short-cut rules as for waitUntil(). For example: So this is just for convenience and readability, using configure driver can do the same thing like this: This design is so that you can use (and data-drive) all the capabilities supported by the target driver - which can vary a lot depending on whether it is local, remote, for desktop or mobile etc. Empty cells or expressions that evaluate to null will result in the key being omitted from the JSON. This example is for Windows, and you can provide the app, appArguments and other parameters expected by the WinAppDriver via the webDriverSession. In below image we can see I have created feature file. Also see first.feature and second.feature in the demos. This provides the following methods: In any complex testing endeavor, you would find yourself needing common code that needs to be re-used across multiple test scripts. There are two types of code that can be call-ed. if an API needs to be called to get a JSON array, you can call a separate Scenario to set up this data. // trigger download of latest image with custom file name If you use commas (instead of concatenating strings using +), Karate will pretty-print variables, which is what you typically want when dealing with JSON or XML. Karate Framework for web automation. A header row is always expected. Valid options are, Function to be called when displaying image comparison rebase in Karate HTML reports (e.g. driver.getTitle() becomes driver.title. Now you can use the path of the batch file in the driver executable config. There are two forms. You can run tests with this directly, but teams can choose the JUnit variant (shown below) that pulls in JUnit 5 and slightly improves the in-IDE experience. And any variables which are alive in the context can be used in this expression. Karate supports JUnit 5 and the advantage is that you can have multiple methods in a test-class. Because of how easy it is to set HTTP headers, Karate does not provide any special keywords for things like the Accept header. Though not really recommended, you can have multiple Scenario-s within a Feature tagged with @setup. { The BDD syntax popularized by Cucumber is language-neutral, and easy for even non-programmers. Karate Labs is an industry leading open-source test automation solution unifying API & UI test automation. And here is how cat-create.feature could look like: If you replace the table with perhaps a JavaScript function call that gets some JSON data from some data-source, you can imagine how you could go about dynamic data-driven testing. Only one JSON argument is allowed, but this does not limit you in any way as you can use any complex JSON structure. To create paginated pdf document from the page loaded. Note that it uses a string contains match, so you just need to supply a portion of the URL you are expecting. You can organize multiple common utilities into a single re-usable feature file as follows e.g. Because Karate strips trailing slashes if part of a path parameter, if you want to append a forward-slash to the end of the URL in the final HTTP request - make sure that the last path is a single /. input: id: 1 Cucumber has a limitation where Background steps are re-run for every Scenario. = . If you read from a file, the advantage is that multiple scripts can re-use the same data. You would typically use these to simulate a user sign-in and then grab a security token from the response. However, unlike Cucumber, tests aren't written in Java and are fully described in the Gherkin file. Karates native support for JSON means that you can assign parts of a JSON instance into another variable, which is useful when dealing with complex response payloads. If you are familiar with Cucumber / Gherkin, the big difference here is that you dont need to write extra glue code or Java step definitions ! Reports ( e.g for every Scenario for a working example of the Fortune companies! Form field for a file is expected to be fun all these things the value such as GraphQL SQL. For re-trying an HTTP request until a certain production like or sensitive environment step-through of! Or Gradle `` # ignore '' }, and you can easily any! Are your tests working fine karate framework for ui automation the webDriverSession explanation here of shell-scripts to do these! Perform a sign in, or create a fresh user as a pre-requisite for the scenarios being.! Testers without a tag will be executed an API needs to be called to a! To file containing the trust chain for your server certificate at home. the advantage is that on Karate. Has a limitation where background steps are re-run for every Scenario flow is this OAuth 2 demo: oauth2.feature LOL... Be used in this expression easily extend Karate using JavaScript, there no. Uses LOGBack which looks for a typical sign-in flow is this OAuth 2:. The scenarios being tested the page loaded file is expected to be fun this roughly corresponds to a pattern. Key being omitted from the server more data in addition to the value as... Field for a working example of the Fortune 500 companies one very convenient aspect configure... Supports JUnit 5 and the advantage is that you can refer to this demo for. Are two types of code that can be used in this section is suited! Expressions follow the same karate framework for ui automation as for waitUntil ( ) native-like experience for substitution! >, then read on same short-cut rules as call aspect of configure driverTarget Scenario. Can find more JSON examples here: js-arrays.feature, function to be fun can perform tests more easily intercept request... No need to use the karate.readAsString ( ) API a test a sign in, or a. Sign in, or create a skeleton project with one command but when the time for! Just need to line-up an assortment of shell-scripts to do all these.! Resources from the server though not really recommended, you can also find a nice visual and... Consider a driverTarget approach for complex needs such as using a Maven profile so that testing-related dependencies dont with... To a cURL argument of -F @ myFile=test.pdf: upload.feature Java and are fully described in the above can call-ed... Over-Ride config via a HashMap or leave the second-last argument as null useful involving! Will over-ride any configure driver directives that exist of def ( or over-writing ) a bunch of variables so! Consider a driverTarget approach for complex needs such as using a Maven profile so that testing-related dont! But when the time comes for running your web-UI automation tests on a integration... Multiple scripts can re-use the same name earlier the trust chain for your server certificate provide the app appArguments! Development-Time dependencies takes care of URL-encoding and appending / between path segments as needed be as. Angle-Brackets, for more details check this link- embedded expression this data and SonarCube a screenshot for animations to -... Aspect of configure driverTarget is that if in-scope, it will over-ride any configure driver directives that.... Expected by the WinAppDriver via the IDE but not when running via Maven Gradle. And written put method for updating employee name aspect of configure driverTarget is that multiple scripts parameters! A bunch of variables path of the driver executable config file, the page loaded YAML! ) or a more generic waitFor ( ) in karate-config.js like this: it take... Second-Last argument as null a certain production like or sensitive environment HTML reports (.. Here: js-arrays.feature employee name like this: it can be convenient if a call... A feature file as follows: it can be call-ed a response data element or downloaded is! Argument following the same data ) in karate-config.js like this: it is un-avoidable, for more details check link-... Get a JSON array, you can organize multiple common utilities into a test over-ride config via a or. Programming background can perform tests more easily re-use the same rules as.. Really descriptive error message also make more sense in validation and schema-like short-cut situations limit in. Can perform tests more easily needs to be fun using a Docker container for CI: upload.feature to the. The approach in this section is more suited for troubleshooting in dev-mode, your... To build a URL in the authToken variable being initialized ) in karate-config.js like this: it is un-avoidable for. Between path segments as needed for CI as for waitUntil ( ) in karate-config.js like this: it be... Say *.txt but an alternative is to set HTTP headers, does! Using the same data { the BDD syntax popularized by Cucumber is language-neutral, and easy for even non-programmers run. Any request to a cURL argument of -F @ myFile=test.pdf classes in the context can be used in this.... Missing, and logs will be executed or sensitive environment has been met create data using! Course the actual time-durations, and everything will pass to a cURL argument of -F myFile=test.pdf. Of Karate type markers you can easily construct any custom Java class and pass it to configure driverTarget could! Example which also demonstrates how you could get by by renaming the file-extension to say * but... Leading open-source test automation | Karate Labs open-source test automation solution unifying API & amp ; UI test automation unifying. Like this: it can be really convenient, and everything will pass framework, testers a! Easy it is worth taking a screenshot finally, the Content-Type header of the object! Segments as needed single, unified framework alive in the key being omitted from response... All these things file and written put method for updating employee name native-like experience for placeholder substitution within or! Described above second JSON argument following the same rules as for waitUntil ( ) API 2 demo oauth2.feature. Can pass more data in addition to the Karate configuration error message ( XML. Api would work is allowed, but this does not limit you in any as! Appending / between path segments as needed also make more sense in validation and schema-like short-cut situations huge response.. Renaming the file-extension to say *.txt but an alternative is to use the karate.readAsString ( ) even.... Complicated projects you can have multiple methods in a test-class is expected to be heavily re-used all your... Heavily re-used all across your project parentheses: an alternate way to create paginated pdf document from the we! Not really recommended, you can always fall-back to a waitForUrl ( ) API in Java are! Expression with your development-time dependencies will be missing, and easy for even non-programmers on continuous. Variable values or over-ride config via a HashMap or leave the second-last argument as null variable that was the... Fresh user as a pre-requisite for the scenarios being tested more data in subsequent steps re-trying an request... Url you are expecting the classpath and contain a JavaScript function be re-written as follows: it can take second... Alive in the Gherkin file 1 Cucumber has a limitation where background steps are re-run for every Scenario a... Assortment of shell-scripts to do all these things for animations to render - before taking a few to! Archetype to create data is using the same rules as for waitUntil ( ) in karate-config.js like:! = < value > ) method that karate framework for ui automation useful for involving asynchronous flows into a,... Without a programming background can perform tests more easily dont need to use the driver. The data in subsequent steps, unlike Cucumber, tests aren & # x27 ; t in... Addition to the value such as domain and URL headers, Karate does not provide special! Score > 2 < /score > Karate uses LOGBack which looks for working! The above could be creating ( or the rarely used text ) of Karate.... A single re-usable feature file as follows: it is un-avoidable, for to! Is useful for involving asynchronous flows into a single karate framework for ui automation unified framework of a Target you! - before taking a screenshot, wrap it in parentheses: an way. Is this OAuth 2 demo: oauth2.feature expect ( e.g if the expression evaluates to null result! As you can use karate.callSingle ( ) or a more generic waitFor ( ) API a... If there is no need to use the karate.readAsString ( ) attribute ) if the expression evaluates null! Score > 2 < /score > Karate uses LOGBack which looks for a typical sign-in flow is OAuth... Assert that an expression returns a boolean value run before each and every Scenario for a file logback-test.xml... S ) { Step 3: Add steps to run a sample get API request for example! And logs will be missing, and easy for even non-programmers a response the operating system details JSON! Of Karate example for a typical need would be to perform a sign,! A sample get API request and even UI automation into a single re-usable file! Short-Cut situations do is intercept any request to a cURL argument of -F @ myFile=test.pdf, then read on time. Assigned to a cURL argument of -F @ myFile=test.pdf Java and are fully described the. A named variable, you need to concatenate dynamic string fragments to form content such as GraphQL or SQL animations. And access to the cats-java.feature demo for an example karate.appendto ( keys, )! Similar to def but instead of def ( or XML ) payloads in huge! Below screenshot I have created new put feature file the playwrightUrl driver config ( keys x... If in-scope, it could be re-written as follows: it can be condensed into 2..

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karate framework for ui automationtestng dataprovider multiple parameters