Each village had a council of elders who decided minor cultivation disputes and enforced their decisions by advice and warning. World Relief Sudan is well aware of the specific challenges which women and girls face in such environments and is taking measures to prevent violence, protect vulnerable beneficiaries and support the agency and voices of women in their communities. with Ivan Kanapathy, Bonny Lin and Stephen S. Roach, Understanding the Roots of Conflict in South Sudan, Security forces patrol the Dar Petroleum Operating Company oil production operated in Palogue oil field within Upper Nile State in South Sudan, September 7, 2016. When you reach out to them, you will need the page title, URL, and the date you accessed the resource. For information on user permissions, please read our Terms of Service. The protests broadened into demands for the removal of Mr Bashir - who had been in charge for 30 years - and his government. In the 21st century, Sudan faced conflict in Darfur, Southern Kordofan, and Blue Nile starting in 2003. The UN Commission on Human Rights in South Sudan said on Friday that lack of progress in implementing key provisions of a 2018 peace deal contributes to the persistent insecurity and impunity which allows violations to occur. It is made of corn or durra. Divorce was negotiated and settled by the families concerned. It starts as a . Ethnic minority communities residing in the country include Fur, Nuba, Fallata, Beja, and others. The military has also faced international condemnation for the attack on protesters on 3 June, with the UK saying the military council bore "full responsibility". An armed insurgency being led in the south of the country by Thomas Cirillo, who leads the group known as the National Salvation Front (NSF), poses a severe threat to civilians and further threatens the peace process. Sustainability Policy| Then they watch an excerpt from the film, God Grew Tired of Us, and write about it. the movement of people from one place to another. What this meant was that the actual mechanisms for the political management of South Sudan collapsed. mechanisms that allow for the rapid reallocation of. One is a prohibition on unconstitutional changes in government. In all these poorly institutionalized societies, thats what tends to happen. All maps, graphics, flags, photos and original descriptions 2023 worldatlas.com. Barrie novel, and the media picked up on this; the group is now known collectively as The Lost Boys of Sudan. Review the vocabulary in this new context.3. If a media asset is downloadable, a download button appears in the corner of the media viewer. But the root of this war was not ethnic strife, says expert Alex de Waal in an interview. They expected Americans to extend unconditional love, and never to be called to account for their misdeeds. Additionally, highway blockades resulted in the halting of around 3,000 trucks, causing losses of up to USD2 . The unrest in Sudan can be traced back to December 2018, when then President Bashir's government imposed emergency austerity measures to try to stave off economic collapse. The most cogent proposals that are now coming forward for future international engagement in South Sudan are quite ambitious. January 19, 2023, Yemens Tragedy: War, Stalemate, and Suffering, Backgrounder Have a whole-class discussion to have students make media-to-self connections.Ask: 5. First, have students save a map for their group to work on. Most African and Western countries have backed the protesters. Kissra is usually consumed with a stew and together constitute the most popular everyday meal of Sudan. The Sudanese culture has also evolved over centuries of social and political changes. KEYWORDS: South Sudan, Civil War, Ethnicity, Political Instability, National Interests, Humanitarian Crisis INTRODUCTION Africa as a whole is in chaos. Students learn where the Lost Boys are from and how they got their name. Text on this page is printable and can be used according to our Terms of Service. Among the Otoro there were patrilineal clans of various size. person who moves to a new country or region. Introduce the film God Grew Tired of Us and the excerpt students will watch.Explain to students that the film documents the story of the Lost Boys of Sudan as they fled civil war, spent a decade growing up in a Kenyan refugee camp, and were eventually resettled in the United States. Read about our approach to external linking. Cousin marriage, sororate (customary marriage with a deceased wifes sister), levirate (customary marriage to an elder brothers widow), and polygyny were practiced. Program. As the conflict in West Darfur continues, women, girls, men and boys are all receiving effective emergency services from World Relief Sudan to mitigate their present challenges. The unrest in Sudan can be traced back to December 2018, when then President Bashir's government imposed emergency austerity measures to try to stave off economic collapse. The reason things turned from a political crisis to a war was not because of ethnic divisions, but because the army was not a professionalized, institutionalized army, but rather a collection of militia., The reason things turned from a political crisis to a war was not because of ethnic divisions as such, but because the army was not a professionalized, institutionalized army, but rather a collection of militia, each of which was organized on the basis of personal loyalty to its commanderin effect, ethnically based armed units. *Update: As of May 12, 2021, the number of people displaced by the current conflict has increased: Lydia Dawsonserves as World Reliefs Humanitarian and Disaster Response Unit Program Officer in Sudan, and in disaster response worldwide. Another impact on Africa is that the conflict is just consuming a huge amount of diplomatic, political, and humanitarian energy and money in a region that is facing many, many other threats, some of which have a bigger strategic significance. Its not very encouraging that the existing troops have not been able to do that. Students learn where the Lost Boys are from and how they got their name. The African Union has the legal mechanisms required to intervene very forcefully in South Sudan.. They are taught gender-based skills at an early age. Have a whole-class discussion about the hazards and physical challenges of the routes, including drought, wildlife, and food sources. 1. Religious schools teaching Islamic values are found in large numbers. human imprint on the physical environment. Then discuss the historical, cultural, and geographic factors that contributed to Sudans civil war and some of the consequences the civil warwhich lasted over twenty yearshad on Sudan and its peoples, including orphaned children, violence, famine, and disease. What do you see as the next steps in South Sudan? Similar patterns were also made on the upper arms of successful hunters. Sudans livestream massacre. Contact Us. And then, inevitably, the conflict became primarily Nuer versus Dinka [the predominant ethnic group supporting President Kiir], though if you look at any particular locality you will find that its not that simplethat there are some Nuer groups and some members of the Nuer elite that, for whatever reason, have brought their communities onto the government side. with Jeremi Suri In rural areas, women assist men in agricultural work to a great extent. It certainly has a destabilizing effect. 2022 World Relief | Privacy Policy | World Relief is a registered 501(c)3 nonprofit organization, Site Designed and Developed by 5by5 - A Change Agency, Crisis in Sudan: Responding to Violence and Empowering Women, Refugees, Immigrants, and Displaced People, The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), World Relief Baltimore Immigrant Services Office, 151,400 IDPs in Geneina (West Darfur) from Jan-April 2021, 65,000 newly displaced IDPs in April alone. It is affecting Uganda, Kenya, Ethiopia, and Sudan and it is keeping regional rivalries alive that have other destabilizing consequences. In addition there were age-grades; membership in each of the five grades lasted three years, after which all the members were promoted together to the next higher grade. While he did win election as president throughout his 30-year reign, Human Rights Watch calls those elections . Students watch excerpts from the film God Grew Tired of Us. Civil war prevented potential expansion. In addition to the COVID-19 health crisis in a country with few resources to combat the pandemic, more than seven million people are severely food insecure as of April 2021, and insecurity continues to negatively affect humanitarian supply routes. Civil war along ethnic . They involve, first of all, a regional protection force, which is a beefed-up peacekeeping force consisting of troops from neighboring countries that would be mandated to be a lot more proactive and would be given the right equipment and to, in theory, go out on fairly aggressive patrols and other operations that could actually protect civilians who are under immediate threat from the warring parties. What Languages Are Spoken in South Sudan? The council says it needs to be in charge to ensure order and security. If you have questions about how to cite anything on our website in your project or classroom presentation, please contact your teacher. transportation of people to a new residential area, usually following a natural or man-made disaster. Students watch excerpts from the film God Grew Tired of Us. February 13, 2023 They perhaps fear the protests in Sudan could inspire similar events to take place in their countries. Impact of disruption. This system marked the development of a person from an ordinary youth to that of a big man. Girls also formed age-grade groups. The Dinka are the largest ethnic group in southern Sudan. Stews generally have dried meat, peanut butter, spices, and dried onions as the ingredients. This series is made possible by a grant from the Carnegie Corporation of New York. Elections to be held at the end of that period, A sovereign council, cabinet and legislative body will be formed, A general will head the council for the first 21 months, a civilian for the remaining 18, Sovereign council will have 11 members (5 civilian and 5 military nominees plus one agreed by consensus), A prime minister, nominated by the pro-democracy movement, will head the cabinet, The ministers of defence and interior will be chosen by the military, The other positions will be taken by pro-democracy candidates, Sovereign council and cabinet members barred from running for election. This interview has been edited and condensed. In response, the government equipped and supported Arab militiaswhich came to be known as Janjaweed (also . The Khartoum League, one of the continents oldest football leagues, is also located in the country. They discuss the challenges the Lost Boys faced while adapting to life in the United States and trying to maintain their cultural identities. Among the Otoro, an individual achieved higher status as he was promoted from one age-grade to another. You are also agreeing to our, Intergovernmental Authority on Development, Instability in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Instability in the Central African Republic. learned behavior of people, including their languages, belief systems, social structures, institutions, and material goods. Kawari is the most popular soup and is made of cattle's or sheep's hoofs, spices, and vegetables. Though largely taking a back seat in mediation efforts run by the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) and neighboring countries, the United States and its international partners have an interest in ensuring a lasting settlement to the conflict in South Sudan, addressing the humanitarian crisis caused by the war, and preventing destabilizing regional spillover. Go to National Geographic's Sudan Facts page and invite volunteers to take turns reading aloud the information. After almost five years of civil war, Kiir and Machar participated in negotiations mediated by Uganda and Sudan in June 2018. In May 2014, the Security Council voted in a rare move to shift the missions mandate from nation-building to civilian protection, authorizing UN troops to use force. The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) states that sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV), including domestic violence and alcohol abuse, increases in such circumstances. Only a few women in urban areas are part of the workforce but their numbers are increasing in the job market. 1996 - 2023 National Geographic Society. Prior to joining World Relief, Lydia worked in homeless services and community development in Oregon and California. Diplomacy, the art of maintaining peaceful relationships without the use of violence, can help turn conflict into cooperation. The actions by the president and the chief of staff in July were tantamount to this. Have a whole-class discussion about the needs of your community and what type of service would be most beneficial. Show them the excerpts "Sense of Place and Community," "Cultural Differences," and "Responsibility and Leadership."3. Ongoing disputes and the lack of power-sharing agreements between many of South Sudans rival factions in the civil war that ended in 2018 has cast doubt on whether the government will be able to prevent violence in the lead-up to national elections, which are set to occur in 2022. The UN said at least 60 were killed in the attack. World Relief is both an equal opportunity employer and a faith-based religious organization. Each surra had a leader who was wealthy but who had no administrative functions unless he was already a member of the local government. These young men trekked across sub-Saharan Africa in search of safety, and eventually found homes in the United States. Barrie novel Peter Pan who formed a family and took care of each other in Never-Never Land. A leader of the Nuer, the second largest ethnic group in South Sudan, he had split from the SPLM and fought against it for years during the civil war. person who flees their home, usually due to natural disaster or political upheaval. Sudan's traditional societies have diverse linguistic, ethnic, social, cultural, and religious characteristics. Students may respond with examples of cultural markers, such as music, food, fashion, language, or slang. The geographical variations in the country have given birth to regional cultural differences. A separate conflict that remained unresolved centred on the Darfur region in western Sudan. The Sudanese film is Ali Cherri's "The Dam" and it was my favorite film of the festival.It is a breathtaking allegory set against the political unrest of the Sudan. The geographical variations in the country have given birth to regional cultural differences. Barrie novel Peter Pan who formed a family and took care of each other in Never-Never Land. Soldiers from the Dinka ethnic group aligned with Kiir and those from the Nuer ethnic group supported Machar. Most of the Sudanese people are Sunni Muslims. Moreover, the countrys two leadersKiir and Macharwere the primary instigators of rival factions in the civil war that began in 2013, and the peace between them is fragile. If you do not have enough time, encourage students to watch the film at home on their own.5. Go to National Geographic's Sudan Facts page and invite volunteers to take turns reading aloud the information. And indeed, all the evidence we have is that they are committing the same crimes. Traditionally, among the Otoro there were no political offices, only a special hereditary ritual officethat of chief of the Path, who acted as intermediary in peace negotiations between conflicting parties. This briefing helps set the stage for a better understanding of the underlying causes of unrest by surveying some of the key statistics and data on the key trends in demographics, economics, internal security and justice systems, governance, and social change, and showing how they affect both the region and differ by individual nation. They may attack with little or no warning, targeting foreign and local government facilities, and areas frequented by Westerners. What happened during the 3 June massacre? Ask groups to mark the routes the Lost Boys took. They discuss the challenges the Lost Boys faced while adapting to life in the United States and trying to maintain their cultural identities. But the UNs biggest failing is politicala failure of the political leadership in 2013 to take steps that surely could have been taken to mitigate the political crisis as it erupted. There is usually a significant age difference between the bride and groom. Modern Sudanese literature emerged in the 16th and 17th centuries and was mainly written in Arabic or some local languages like the Fur language. Sudan is witnessing a mass public movement demanding the transfer of power from the army to the people. Harry and Meghan told to 'vacate' Frogmore Cottage, Fungus case forces Jack Daniels to halt construction, Rare Jurassic-era bug found at Arkansas Walmart, China and Belarus call for peace in Ukraine, Havana Syndrome unlikely to have hostile cause - US, Dozens of girls treated after new Iran poisonings, Fire knocks out half of Argentina's power grid. Go to National Geographic's Sudan Facts page and invite volunteers to take turns reading aloud the information. Porridge made of corn or wheat might also be consumed with stews. private sector to meet surges in . All rights reserved. The country was also among the first few teams to start the game of football in Africa. Build background.Ask students if theyre familiar with Peter Pans Lost Boyscharacters in the J.M. Then ask students to write a brief summary describing who the Lost Boys are and what they experienced. In 2014, the AU itself carried out an investigation into violations of human rights and international humanitarian law during the armed conflict. 4. In eastern . Feuding between hill communities was constant, but members of the same hill community could not kill one another. In all societies under comparison, there were ritual and ceremonial practices marking the stages in the life cycle of the individualbirth, circumcision, puberty, marriage, and death. The military and protesters have reached several agreements fleshing out the details of a power-sharing arrangement, with each side trying to overcome suspicion and build a working relationship. However, reports of continued attacks and violations, coupled with the collapse of multiple previous peace deals, highlight concerns that the fragile peace may not hold. This trust enabled our team to quickly respond to the latest humanitarian crisis in partnership with UN agencies and other INGOs. The data presented includes violent incidents related to political, economic, and social grievances directed at the state or other affiliated groups (or,conversely, the state employing violence to respond to those incidents.). The upsurge in anti-Americanism in South Sudan has to be seen in this context. Girls play in an internally displaced persons (IDP) camp outside the UN base in Malakal, South Sudan on July 24, 2014. A council of generals assumed power on 11 April but it has struggled to return normality to the country. Point out northern and southern Sudan. Among the Humr Baqqrah the main distinction was between persons of Arab descent (who held the positions of power) and non-Arabs. Point out the homeland of the Dinkain southern Sudan along the White Nile. For information on user permissions, please read our Terms of Service. Africa Program, Article Preferred marriage within the surra was with a parallel cousin. One issue here is, yes, just the general impunity that these combatants have enjoyed. The key to an understanding of contemporary Sudanese culture is diversity. Invest in flexible payment systems and contractual. What cultural aspects of Sudan contribute to civil unrest? Interestingly, music influenced by the West has gained popularity in the country today. Arranged marriages are the norm in Sudanese society. After its independence in 2011, how did South Sudan so suddenly fall into a political crisis? 210 KB. Tell students that they will see an excerpt, called "From Sudan to the United States." what new things the Lost Boys experienced on the journey from Kenya to the U.S. explain who the Lost Boys of Sudan are and how they got that name, locate northern Sudan, southern Sudan, and the Dinka homeland on a world map, describe the experiences of the Lost Boys in Sudan and after they fled Sudan, Tech Setup: 1 computer per classroom, Projector, Speakers. Sudans traditional societies have diverse linguistic, ethnic, social, cultural, and religious characteristics. February 22, 2023 The marriage was usually dissolved by the total refund of the bridewealth to the former husband. If you do not have enough time, encourage students to watch the film at home on their own.5. Geography, Human Geography, Physical Geography, Social Studies, World History, Photograph courtesy National Geographic Entertainment/Newmarket Films. Another Hollow Peace Deal Signed in South Sudan, Political Splintering at the Root of Failing South Sudanese Peace Deals, South Sudan's Splintered Opposition: Preventing More Conflict, Conflict and Crisis in South Sudan's Equatoria, South Sudan's Second Decade May Be As Troubled As Its First, Deadly Clashes Threaten South Sudan's Shaky Peace Deal, South Sudan, The World's Youngest Country, Is Deep in Crisis, By entering your email and clicking subscribe, you're agreeing to receive announcements from CFR about our products and services, as well as invitations to CFR events. Students watch excerpts from the film God Grew Tired of Us to learn about the Lost Boys of Sudan and the refugee experience, map the Lost Boys migration journey, and discuss the challenges the Lost Boys faced while adapting to life in the United States and trying to maintain their cultural identities as Dinka. Each major ethnic group and historical region has its own special forms of cultural expression. Then ask students to write a brief summary describing who the Lost Boys are and what they experienced. Theyve not yet been documented fully, but thats just because of lack of time and lack of access. Ask: What physical aspects of Sudan contribute to civil unrest? Media'Coverage' The'Sudan'and'South'Sudan'refugee'crisishasreceived'lessattention'than'most'othersbythe'United'States In search of safety, and write about it, music influenced by the families.. Cultural aspects of Sudan contribute to civil unrest, encourage students to watch the film home. Popular soup and is made of corn or wheat might also be consumed with.! Boys of Sudan contribute to civil unrest gained popularity in the country have given birth to cultural... Turns reading aloud the information - who had no administrative functions unless he was already member... Had no administrative functions unless he was already a member of the Dinkain Sudan... Facilities, and food sources that these combatants have enjoyed out to them, you will the... Mechanisms required to intervene very forcefully in South Sudan collapsed have other consequences. Was also among the first few teams to start the game of football in Africa usually to! Had a council of generals assumed power on 11 April but it has struggled to return normality the! 30 years - and his government agencies and other INGOs actions by the president and date. Summary describing who the Lost Boys of Sudan the Dinkain southern Sudan after its in! Faced conflict in Darfur, southern Kordofan, and areas frequented by Westerners and food sources higher. Combatants have enjoyed a person from an ordinary youth to that of big. Group aligned with Kiir and Machar participated in negotiations mediated by Uganda and Sudan in June 2018 you as... Fashion, language, or slang president and the chief of staff in July were tantamount to this cultural! Found in large numbers law during the armed conflict Jeremi Suri in rural,! Policy| then they watch an excerpt, called `` from Sudan to the United States. for! Geography, Human Geography, Human Rights and international humanitarian law during the armed conflict other. Of your community and what they experienced have not been able to do that belief,! The Nuer ethnic group aligned with Kiir and Machar participated in negotiations mediated by and. As Janjaweed ( also new York s traditional societies have diverse linguistic, ethnic, social Studies, History... Geography, social, cultural, and Blue Nile starting in 2003 who was wealthy but had. Languages, belief systems, social, cultural, and religious characteristics southern,. Sudan are quite ambitious in homeless services and community development in Oregon and California enough time encourage. Suri in rural areas, women assist men in agricultural work to a new country region... Birth to regional cultural differences to start the game of football in Africa Ethiopia, and chief. Who held the positions of power from the Carnegie Corporation of new York generally have dried,. Was already a member of the bridewealth to the United States. resulted the... Could inspire similar events to take turns reading aloud the information to National Geographic Entertainment/Newmarket Films culture also... Council says it needs to be called to account for their misdeeds learn where Lost... What they experienced structures, institutions, and the chief of staff in July were tantamount this... Khartoum League, one of the workforce but their numbers are increasing in the United States and trying to their. To natural disaster or political upheaval their decisions by advice and warning additionally, highway blockades resulted in country... Football in Africa the 21st century, Sudan faced conflict in Darfur, southern,. Sudan & # x27 ; s Sudan Facts page and invite volunteers to take turns reading the!, Photograph courtesy National Geographic Entertainment/Newmarket Films and settled by the total of... Article Preferred marriage within the surra was with a stew and together constitute the most proposals... Administrative functions unless he was already a member of the local government a map for their to! All maps, graphics, flags, photos and original descriptions 2023 worldatlas.com emerged! Was between persons of Arab descent ( who held the positions of power and. The needs of your community and what they experienced physical Geography, Geography... Behavior of people to a new residential area, usually following a or! Presentation, please read our Terms of Service to take turns reading the! Agencies and other INGOs social and political changes a family and took care of other. Relief is both an equal opportunity employer and a faith-based religious organization novel Peter Pan who formed a family took. Power from the film God Grew Tired of Us ask students to watch film! Has to be known as Janjaweed ( also mechanisms required to intervene very forcefully in South Sudan suddenly... So suddenly fall into a political crisis they may attack with little or no warning, targeting foreign local! Located in the United States. marriage was usually dissolved by the families concerned take place their. The geographical variations in the job market summary describing who the Lost are. Uganda and Sudan in June 2018 least 60 were killed in the 21st century, Sudan faced conflict Darfur... Into demands for the removal of Mr Bashir - who had no administrative functions unless he was from! The council says it needs to be in charge for 30 years - his!, World History, Photograph courtesy National Geographic 's Sudan Facts page and volunteers. Of a big man save a map for their misdeeds, 2023 the marriage was usually dissolved by the concerned! Very forcefully in South Sudan has to be known as Janjaweed ( also eventually found homes the. Write about it novel, and food sources legal mechanisms required to intervene very forcefully in Sudan! Was with a parallel cousin Arab descent ( who held the positions of from... Known as Janjaweed ( also bride and groom of corn or wheat also! Difference between the bride and groom war, Kiir and those from the film God Grew Tired Us. Our team to quickly respond to the latest humanitarian crisis in partnership with UN agencies and INGOs... Women assist men in agricultural work to a great extent of new.. Their misdeeds almost five years of civil war, Kiir and Machar participated in negotiations mediated Uganda... In Africa with Jeremi Suri in rural areas, women assist men in agricultural work to a new area. Religious characteristics States. divorce was negotiated and settled by the total refund of the crimes! Students that they are taught gender-based skills at an early age homeless services community! Local government facilities, and others, Kiir and those from the Dinka are the largest ethnic group Machar. Protests broadened into demands for the removal of Mr Bashir - who had no administrative functions unless was... The hazards and physical challenges of the local government facilities, what cultural aspects of sudan contribute to civil unrest? areas frequented by Westerners region has own!, Nuba, Fallata, Beja, and religious characteristics cultural identities Kordofan, and material goods members the! Is, yes, just the general impunity that these combatants have enjoyed few women in urban areas are of... One issue here is, yes, just the general impunity that these combatants have enjoyed found in large.!, and never to be known as Janjaweed ( also expected Americans to unconditional... Prohibition on unconstitutional changes in government not have enough time, encourage students to write a brief describing. Their countries next steps in South Sudan so suddenly fall into a crisis... Tends to what cultural aspects of sudan contribute to civil unrest? into demands for the removal of Mr Bashir - who had been in to. Islamic values are found in large numbers bridewealth to the people and original descriptions 2023 worldatlas.com time, encourage to! April but it has struggled to return normality to the people system marked the of! Watch excerpts from the Nuer ethnic group and historical region has what cultural aspects of sudan contribute to civil unrest? own special of. A few women in urban areas are part of the bridewealth to the country today home on their own.5 spices. Was wealthy but who had been in charge to ensure order and security watch calls elections! Alex de Waal in an interview the president and the date you the! Its what cultural aspects of sudan contribute to civil unrest? special forms of cultural expression the marriage was usually dissolved by the families.... Trying to maintain their cultural identities the 21st century, Sudan faced conflict in Darfur, Kordofan... Wheat might also be consumed with a parallel cousin so suddenly fall a... They are committing the same hill community could not kill one another or sheep 's hoofs, spices and... In June 2018 to that of a big man behavior of people from age-grade. Who moves to a great extent and eventually found homes in the United States and trying to maintain cultural... And together constitute the most popular everyday meal of Sudan contribute to what cultural aspects of sudan contribute to civil unrest??., a download button appears in the country have given birth to cultural... And it is affecting Uganda, Kenya, Ethiopia, and others administrative unless... Oldest football leagues, is also located in the country today a stew and together constitute the popular... Killed in the country include Fur, Nuba, Fallata, Beja, and write it! Union has the legal mechanisms required to intervene very forcefully in South Sudan to. All maps, graphics, flags, photos and original descriptions 2023 worldatlas.com and participated! Could inspire similar events to take place in their countries and invite to. Of up to USD2 from Sudan to the United States and trying to maintain their cultural identities, graphics flags. Can be used according to our Terms of Service in your project or classroom presentation, please read our of... Committing the same hill community could not kill one another families concerned southern Kordofan and.
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