[227] Widespread dissatisfaction with the slow pace of socio-economic transformation, government incompetence and maladministration, and other public grievances in the post-apartheid era, precipitated many violent protest demonstrations. Yet resistance by Boer bittereinders (meaning those who would fight to the bitter end) continued for two more years with guerrilla warfare, which the British met in turn with scorched earth tactics. [28] The VOC also brought some 71,000 slaves to Cape Town from India, Indonesia, East Africa, Mauritius, and Madagascar.[29]. Many of the modern surnames in the dictionary can be traced back to Britain and Ireland. 36. 1. [172][173], South African security forces during the latter part of the apartheid era had a policy of destabilising neighbouring states, supporting opposition movements, conducting sabotage operations and attacking ANC bases and places of refuge for exiles in those states. Abioye (Yoruba origin) meaning "son of royalty". [220][221], The apartheid government had declared a moratorium on foreign debt repayments in the mid-1980s, when it declared a state of emergency in the face of escalating civil unrest. [43][44][24], In 1818, Nguni tribes in Zululand created a militaristic kingdom between the Tugela River and Pongola River, under the driving force of Shaka kaSenzangakhona, son of the chief of the Zulu clan. [109] In 1895 there was an investment boom in Witwatersrand gold-mining shares. [216] A wealth tax on the super-rich to fund developmental projects was set aside, while domestic and international corporations, enriched by apartheid, were excused from any financial reparations. Initially, a period of strong economic growth and social development ensued. Within census records, you can often find information like name of household members, ages, birthplaces, residences, and occupations. Nineteenth-Century Contests For Land In South Africa's Caledon Valley And The Invention Of The Mfecane", "First Indian workers arrive in South Africa | South African History Online", "Crossing the Kala Pani: cause for "Celebration" or "Commemoration" 150 years on? [73], The original Griqualand, north of the Orange River, was annexed by Britain's Cape Colony and renamed Griqualand West after the discovery in 1871 of the world's richest deposit of diamonds at Kimberley, so named after the British Colonial Secretary, Earl Kimberley. Abebe: The genesis of this Ethiopian name is Amharic, and it means 'flower' or 'blossom'. These are collectively known as the Khoisan, a modern European portmanteau of these two tribes' names. The colony, with an estimated population of less than 400,000 in 1904[56] ceased to exist in 1910, when it was absorbed into the Union of South Africa as the Orange Free State Province. Mokopane and his followers, anticipating retaliation by the settlers, retreated into the mountain caves known as Gwasa, (or Makapansgat in Afrikaans). [80], The increasing economic involvement of the British in southern Africa from the 1820s, and especially following the discovery of first diamonds at Kimberley and gold in the Transvaal, resulted in pressure for land and African labour, and led to increasingly tense relations with Southern African states.[40]. Crocodile Bakoena Bahurutshe Setswana Botswana, South Africa . Meanwhile, the British, who viewed their defeat at Majuba as an aberration, forged ahead with their desire to federate the Southern African colonies and republics. Many of the Natalia Boers who refused to acknowledge British rule trekked over the Drakensberg mountains to settle in the Orange Free State and Transvaal republics.[58]. Hint: Try searching for a relative alive in 1940. [55] The name Orange Free State was again changed to the Orange River Colony, created by Britain after the latter occupied it in 1900 and then annexed it in 1902 during the Second Boer War. It pursued a very violent strategy known as "ungovernability", they killed thousands of opposition party, mostly members of Inkatha Freedom Party in some cases burning them alive, including rent boycotts, student protests, and strike campaigns. [189], Both South Africa and Cuba claimed victory at the decisive battle of Cuito Cuanavale, which have been described as "the fiercest in Africa since World War II". Sekhukhune, members of his family and some Bapedi generals were subsequently imprisoned in Pretoria for two years, with Sekhukhuneland becoming part of the Transvaal Republic. In 1688, the Dutch and the Germans were joined by French Huguenots, Calvinist Protestants fleeing religious persecution in France under its Catholic ruler, King Louis XIV. Moshoeshoe was under the impression he was loaning grazing land to the settlers in accordance with African precepts of occupation rather than ownership, while the settlers believed they had been granted permanent land rights. [138] By August 1945, South African Air Force aircraft in conjunction with British and Dutch aircraft stationed in South Africa had intercepted 17 enemy ships, assisted in the rescue of 437 survivors of sunken ships, attacked 26 of the 36 enemy submarines operating the vicinity of the South African coast, and flown 15,000 coastal patrol sorties. Lynx Southern African, English. Van der Merwe is a common Afrikaans surname, derived from the Dutch van der Merwen ("from the Merwede"). [10], The descendants of the Middle Paleolithic populations are thought to be the aboriginal San and Khoikhoi tribes. [222] The debt was finally settled in September 2001. Friction between the Griquas and the settlers over land rights resulted in British troops being sent to the region in 1845. The First Sekhukhune War of 1876 was conducted by the Boers, and the two separate campaigns of the Second Sekhukhune War of 1878/1879 were conducted by the British. [169] There is also a Jat tribe with the same name. Alternatively, if you wish to search for a specific person then please enter the details in the . The July 2021 unrest coincided with the Cape Town taxi conflict[253] and Transnet ransomware attack[254][255] leading to unproven speculation that they might have been connected. Thousands more served in the British Army directly, with over 3,000 joining the British Royal Flying Corps and over 100 volunteering for the Royal Navy. [147] When the war ended, the OB was one of the anti-parliamentary groups absorbed into the National Party.[148][149]. Later, English and Dutch seafarers in the late 16th and 17th centuries exchanged metals for cattle and sheep with the Khoikhoi. In late October, Boer commandos supported by local Kgatla tribal collaborators laid siege to the caves. In 1895, a column of mercenaries in the employ of Cecil John Rhodes' Rhodesian-based Charter Company and led by Captain Leander Starr Jameson had entered the ZAR with the intention of sparking an uprising on the Witwatersrand and installing a British administration there. The commission charged by agents was the same as the payment for one slave, thus those settlers only claiming for one slave would receive nothing. Religion was a very important aspect of the settlers culture and the bible and church services were in Dutch. [166] At the same time, State-sponsored vigilante groups carried out violent attacks on communities and community leaders associated with resistance to apartheid. [180] The civil war in Angola resulted in 550,0001,250,000 deaths in total mostly from famine. Archaeological discoveries of livestock bones on the Cape Peninsula indicate that the Khoikhoi began to settle there by about 2000 years ago. The African National Congress won, well ahead of the governing National Party and the Inkatha Freedom Party. From 19481994, South African politics was dominated by Afrikaner nationalism. Ahishakiye (Rwandan origin) meaning "whenever God wants". [139][140], About 334,000 South Africans volunteered for full-time military service in support of the Allies abroad. The "aliens" objected to being denied parliamentary representation and the right to vote, and they complained also of bureaucratic government delays in the issuing of licenses and permits, and general administrative incompetence on the part of the government.[119]. The survivors were captured and allegedly enslaved. Meanwhile, the discovery of diamonds around Kimberley and gold in the Transvaal led to a later return to instability, particularly because they fueled the rise to power of the ambitious colonialist Cecil Rhodes. Claimants to the site included the South African (Transvaal) Republic, the Orange Free State Republic, and the mixed-race Griqua nation under Nicolaas Waterboer. White people, who constituted 20 percent of the population, held 90 percent of the land. By 1987, total military expenditure amounted to about 28% of the national budget. To Moshoeshoe the BaSotho chieftain from Lesotho, it was customary tribute in the form of horses and cattle represented acceptance of land use under his authority. [246][247]The Economist called it the worst violence that South Africa had experienced since the end of Apartheid. While some maintained separateness, others were grouped into a category known as Coloureds, a multiracial ethnic group which includes people with shared ancestry from two or more of these groups: Khoisan, Bantu, English, Afrikaners, Austronesians, East Asians and South Asians. Pages in category "Afrikaans-language surnames" The following 148 pages are in this category, out of 148 total. In 1824 a party of 25 men under British Lieutenant F G Farewell arrived from the Cape Colony and established a settlement on the northern shore of the Bay of Natal, which would later become the port of Durban, so named after Benjamin D'Urban, a governor of the Cape Colony. A strong relationship existed between the African National Congress (ANC) and the UDF, based on the shared mission statement of the Freedom Charter. A short lifespan might also indicate health problems that were once prevalent in your family. [116] The conflict ended almost as soon as it began with a decisive Boer victory at Battle of Majuba Hill (27 February 1881). The attack failed, with British forces then retreating back to Durban, which the Boers besieged. [42] Most historians recognise that the Mfecane wasn't just a series of events caused by the founding of the Zulu kingdom but rather a multitude of factors caused before and after Shaka Zulu came into power. Kaiser Wilhelm's government arranged for the two Boer Republics to purchase modern breech-loading Mauser rifles and millions of smokeless gunpowder cartridges. [89] The country was subsequently named Basutoland and is presently named Lesotho. It means "leaves" (verb) in Swahili. In the southeastern part of South Africa, Boer settlers and the Xhosa clashed along the Great Fish River, and in 1779 the First Xhosa War broke out. [143], General Jan Smuts was the only important non-British general whose advice was constantly sought by Britain's war-time Prime Minister Winston Churchill. However, there was competition for land, and this tension led to skirmishes in the form of cattle raids from 1779. During the early-1990s, Poqo was renamed Azanian People's Liberation Army (APLA). Thabani m Southern African, Zulu, Ndebele. [225] The migrant labour system was identified as a primary cause of the unrest. [52], The South African Republic (Dutch: Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek or ZAR, not to be confused with the much later Republic of South Africa), is often referred to as The Transvaal and sometimes as the Republic of Transvaal. The Patriot revolutionaries then proclaimed the Batavian Republic, which was closely allied to revolutionary France. 1972. In the Fourth Xhosa War, which lasted from 1811 to 1812, the British colonial authorities forced the Xhosa back across the Great Fish River and established forts along this boundary. Tau was the name of the last ruler of the Rolong in South Africa (18th century). The progenitors of the extended clan are Willem Schalk van der Merwe (born in "Broeck", probably [[Broek= Babyloninbroek], province Noord-Brabant May 1634,in Babyloninbroek (Broek) and . During the years immediately following the AngloBoer wars, Britain set about unifying the four colonies including the former Boer republics into a single self-governed country called the Union of South Africa. It comes from a Punjabi word 'gil, which means 'prosperity'. The Griqua community became subsequently dissimulated. [210] Both sides were forced to the negotiating table, with the result that in June 1991, all apartheid laws were finally rescinded- opening the way for the country's first multiracial democratic elections three years later. An estimated five thousand Zulu warriors were involved. [213] The Charter decreed that "the national wealth of our country, the heritage of South Africans, shall be restored to the people; the mineral wealth beneath the soil, the banks and monopoly industry shall be transferred to the ownership of the people". Coetzee ( Afrikaans: [kutsi]) is an Afrikaans surname. Providing important rest and refuelling stations, the Royal Navy could ensure vital sea lane connections to the British Raj, and the Far East stayed open. Origin: Ghanaian Meaning: "Child that keeps coming or reincarnation." Kanumba Origin: Tanzanian Meaning: Unknown. [218] As of 2021, tens of thousands of white South Africans continue to emigrate each year. There are 54 countries, between 900 and 1,500 languages, and several thousand ethnic groups in Africa, according to Britannica. CS3012.U5 South Africa 12. In 1874, Henry Bartle Frere was sent to South Africa as High Commissioner for the British Empire to bring such plans into being. [198] The armed wing of the ANC, Umkhonto weSizwe (abbreviation MK, meaning Spear of the Nation) claimed moral legitimacy for the resort to violence on the grounds of necessary defence and just war. Da Gama gave the name Natal to the coast he was passing, which in Portuguese means Christmas. [99] The widening search for gold and other resources were financed by the wealth produced and the practical experience gained at Kimberley. Madia South African. Frere, on his own initiative, without the approval of the British government and with the intent of instigating a war with the Zulu, had presented an ultimatum on 11 December 1878, to the Zulu king Cetshwayo with which the Zulu king could not comply. [38] The Royal Geographical Society later awarded Livingstone a gold medal for his discovery of Lake Ngami in the desert.[39]. The . The flag of Republic of South Africa was adopted on 26 April 1994. The uprising spread throughout the country. [23] The advancing Bantu encroached on the Khoikhoi territory, forcing the original inhabitants of the region to move to more arid areas. Great Britain. The rebel leaders were prosecuted, fined heavily and sentenced to imprisonment ranging from six to seven years. In addition to being a standalone name, Ade is also a diminutive form of other names that begin with Ade. The Zulu people are part of the Nguni tribe and were originally a minor clan in what is today northern KwaZulu-Natal, founded ca. 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