While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Johann Hans Pachelbel was a musical composer born in Nuremberg, Germany and lived from 1653 to 1706. He was influenced by southern German composers, such as Johann Jakob Froberger and Johann Caspar Kerll, Italians such as Girolamo Frescobaldi and Alessandro Poglietti, French composers, and the composers of the Nuremberg tradition. Since the latter was greatly influenced by Italian composers such as Giacomo Carissimi, it is likely through Prentz that Pachelbel started developing an interest in contemporary Italian music, and Catholic church music in general. Herr Gott, dich loben alle wir, P.183 (Pachelbel, Johann) Der Herr ist mein getreuer Hirt, P.80 (Pachelbel, Johann) Der Herr ist mein getreuer Hirt, P.81 (Pachelbel, Johann) Herr Jesu Christ, ich wei gar wohl, P.189 (Pachelbel, Johann) Herzlich tut mich verlangen, P.378 (Pachelbel, Johann) I His skill, persistence, and dedication to honing his craft made him the greatest organ-player of his time. Both movements are in the key of D major. Pachelbel traveled to several areas to compose music during the Baroque era primarily for Catholic, Lutheran, and Protestant churches. CMUSE is your music news and entertainment website. Of the eleven extant motets, ten are scored for two four-part choruses. Two of his sons became organists and composers, and another son became an instrument maker. Other vocal music includes motets, arias and two masses. [10] While there, he may have known or even taught Pachelbel, whose music shows traces of Kerll's style. The thing is, Pachelbel was actually Johann Christophe Bachs teacher. As such, he published very few of his works because back then you had to print using copper engraving, which was quite expensive at that time. An example from Wenn mein Stndlein vorhanden ist: The piece begins with a chorale fugue (not shown here) that turns into a four-part chorale setting which starts at bar 35. His connection with the Bach family encompassed his longtime friendship with the father (Johann Ambrosius Bach), the charge of Godfather to Ambrosius's daughter, and residing in and later purchasing the home of Johann Christophe. Johann Pachelbel is most known for his musical composition, "Canon in D Major." These two works, among the 500 others, made him a sought-after composer and teacher. Pachelbel's chaconnes are distinctly south German in style; the duple meter C major chaconne (possibly an early work) is reminiscent of Kerll's D minor passacaglia. Featuring Katherine Kyme, Carla Moore & Cynthia Freivogel, baroque violin; Tanya Tomkins, baroque cello, Hanneke van Proosdij, baroque organ; David Tayler, theorbo. This tragedy prompted the composition of a series of chorales (a harmonized version of a church hymn) called "Musical Thoughts of Death." Pachelbel was born in August of 1653 and baptized on September 1. This latter type begins with a brief chorale fugue that is followed by a three- or four-part cantus firmus setting. Though most influenced by Italian and southern German composers, he knew the northern German school, because he dedicated the Hexachordum Apollinis to Dieterich Buxtehude. Pachelbel wrote a six-part collection of songs titled, "Musicalische Ergotzung," which is translated to, "Musical Delight" in English. However, he did influence Johann Sebastian Bach indirectly; the young Johann Sebastian was tutored by his older brother Johann Christoph Bach, who studied with Pachelbel, but although J.S. Extreme examples of note repetition in the subject are found in magnificat fugues: quarti toni No. These fall into two categories: some 30 free fugues and around 90 of the so-called Magnificat Fugues. [21][n 7] The pieces are clearly not without French influence (but not so much as Buxtehude's) and are comparable in terms of style and technique to Froberger's suites. Johann Pachelbel is unfairly viewed as a one-work composer, that work being the popular, Canon in D major, for three violins and continuo. Learn about German composer Johann Pachelbels music (organ, vocal, and chamber), including his famous Canon in D. Understand Pachelbel's posthumous influence. Distinct features of Pachelbel's vocal writing in these pieces, aside from the fact that it is almost always very strongly tonal, include frequent use of permutation fugues and writing for paired voices. Pachelbel's other chamber music includes an aria and variations (Aria con variazioni in A major) and four standalone suites scored for a string quartet or a typical French five-part string ensemble with 2 violins, 2 violas and a violone (the latter reinforces the basso continuo). [clarification needed] Pachelbel's first published work, a set of chorale variations called Musicalische Sterbens-Gedancken ("Musical Thoughts on Death", Erfurt, 1683), was probably influenced by this event. Pachelbel's Canon was originally written for three violins, she explained, but it can easily be arranged for a string quartet or the organ, keyboard and synthesizers, all creating a different. Prentz left for Eichsttt in 1672. Number 29 has all four traditional movements, the other two authentic pieces only have three (no gigue), and the rest follow the classical model (Allemande, Courante, Sarabande, Gigue), sometimes updated with an extra movement (usually less developed[22]), a more modern dance such as a gavotte or a ballet. By the 21st century Pachelbels Canon had been transcribed for a full array of instruments, both acoustic and electronic, and it was rarely heard performed by the instruments for which it was originally written. [13] Pachelbel remained in Erfurt for 12 years and established his reputation as one of the leading German organ composers of the time during his stay. Bach's favorite instrument is called the lautenwerck. Fortunately, his music was revived and rediscovered by musicologists in the early 20th century. I feel like its a lifeline. Much of Pachelbel's liturgical organ music, particularly the chorale preludes, is relatively simple and written for manuals only: no pedal is required. During this time (and over a period of forty-two years), Pachelbel lived in one of the rooms in Johann Christophe's home. From a very young age, Pachelbel displayed an early penchant for learning. The polythematic C minor ricercar is the most popular and frequently performed and recorded. Alternate titles: Canon and Gigue in D Major. The F-sharp minor ricercar uses the same concept and is slightly more interesting musically: the key of F-sharp minor requires a more flexible tuning than the standard meantone temperament of the Baroque era and was therefore rarely used by contemporary composers. Although the exact date of Pachelbel's birth is unknown, his baptism record shows that he was baptized on September 1, 1653, so it is assumed that he was born during the early fall of 1653. His musical style influenced the some of the greatest composers to come after him such as JS Bach and Dietrich Buxtehude. Johann Pachelbel's music primarily fall under three categories: those composed for the organ, those composed for voices, and those composed for both instruments and voices, known as "chamber pieces.". In particular, Johann Jakob Froberger served as court organist in Vienna until 1657[8] and was succeeded by Alessandro Poglietti. Although a few two- and four-voice works are present, most employ three voices (sometimes expanding to four-voice polyphony for a bar or two). See all 3 definitions of pachelbel. In both Germany and Vienna, Pachelbel composed sacred songs for worship services. She serves on the music faculty of Metropolitan State University of Denver and gives pre-performance talks for Opera Colorado and the Colorado Symphony Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. The marriage took place in the house of the bride's father. However, in September of that year, tragedy struck as a plague swept through Erfurt, taking his wife and infant son. Pachelbel has close ties to the Bach family, and his style of music played an instrumental role in influencing and enriching that of Johann Sebastian Bach indirectly. His organ compositions show a knowledge of Italian forms derived from Girolamo Frescobaldi through Johann Jakob Froberger. The six chaconnes, together with Buxtehude's ostinato organ works, represent a shift from the older chaconne style: they completely abandon the dance idiom, introduce contrapuntal density, employ miscellaneous chorale improvisation techniques, and, most importantly, give the bass line much thematic significance for the development of the piece. Several catalogues are used, by Antoine Bouchard (POP numbers, organ works only), Jean M. Perreault (P numbers, currently the most complete catalogue; organized alphabetically), Hideo Tsukamoto (T numbers, L for lost works; organized thematically) and Kathryn Jane Welter (PC numbers). Viewed as a one-work composer, Pachelbel was an important figure, central in the development of keyboard and Protestant church music. Of these, the five-part suite in G major (Partie a 5 in G major) is a variation suite, where each movement begins with a theme from the opening sonatina; like its four-part cousin (Partie a 4 in G major) and the third standalone suite (Partie a 4 in F-sharp minor) it updates the German suite model by using the latest French dances such as the gavotte or the ballet. [15] It seems that the situation had been resolved quietly and without harm to Pachelbel's reputation; he was offered a raise and stayed in the city for four more years. Chaconne in F minor performed on a church organ in Trubschachen, Switzerland by Burghard Fischer. In 1695 he was appointed organist at the St. Sebalduskirche in Nrnberg, where he remained until his death. The thing is, Pachelbel was actually Johann Christophe Bach's teacher. [1], Pachelbel's music enjoyed enormous popularity during his lifetime; he had many pupils and his music became a model for the composers of south and central Germany. He was actually good friend with Johann Sebastian Bach's dad (The JS Bach we know and love was popular in the late Baroque period, and Pachelbel was a generation older). Musical composer, Johann Hans Pachelbel, was born in Nuremberg, Germany in 1653. Another son, Johann Michael, became an instrument maker in Nuremberg and traveled as far as London and Jamaica. This means that Pachelbel may have used his own tuning system, of which little is known. Pachelbel wrote more than one hundred fugues on free themes. Pachelbel married twice during his stay in Erfurt. Pachelbels music was extremely well known during his lifetime. Omissions? The Bach family was very well known in Erfurt (where virtually all organists would later be called "Bachs"), so Pachelbel's friendship with them continued here. Johann Gottfried Walther famously described Pachelbel's vocal works as "more perfectly executed than anything before them". Chorale preludes constitute almost half of Pachelbel's surviving organ works, in part because of his Erfurt job duties which required him to compose chorale preludes on a regular basis. Four works of the latter type were published in Erfurt in 1683 under the title Musicalische Sterbens-Gedancken ("Musical Thoughts on Death"), which might refer to Pachelbel's first wife's death in the same year. During his life, Johann Hans Pachelbel was very well known and appreciated for his musical prowess. Pachelbel explores a very wide range of styles: psalm settings (Gott ist unser Zuversicht), chorale concertos (Christ lag in Todesbanden), sets of chorale variations (Was Gott tut, das ist wohlgetan), concerted motets, etc. Here are 10 interesting facts about Johann Pachelbel: His long illustrious career started when he received a scholarship to enrolled at Gymnasium Poeticum at Regensburg on a scholarship. Feel free toSubscribe to Our YouTube Channelif you like this video! Aside from attending regular school, Pachelbel also had two music teachers- Heinrich Schwemmer for teaching him about the fundamentals and principles of music and George Kaspar Wecker for training him how to compose and how to play the organ. Before becoming a English instructor and content creator, I earned a bachelors degree in English Literature and Composition from Spelman College and later a masters degree in Education with emphasis in Curriculum and Instruction from The University of Phoenix. Chaconne in F minor for organ. His most important work. He was also the first major composer to pair a fugue with a preludial movement (a toccata or a prelude) this technique was adopted by later composers and was used extensively by J.S. The Neumeister Collection and the so-called Weimar tablature of 1704 provide valuable information about Pachelbel's school, although they do not contain any pieces that can be confidently ascribed to him. Pachelbel's Canon, a piece of chamber music scored for three violins and basso continuo and originally paired with a gigue in the same key, experienced a surge in popularity during the 1970s. The ostinato bass is not necessarily repeated unaltered throughout the piece and is sometimes subjected to minor alterations and ornamentation. Edna Mackenzie. One of the six surviving chaconnes by the composer, it is one of his best known organ works. In August 1684, Pachelbel married Judith Drommer. Of special importance are his chorale preludes, which did much to establish the chorale melodies of Protestant northern Germany in the more lyrical musical atmosphere of the Catholic south. He wrote more than two hundred pieces for the instrument, both liturgical and secular, and explored most of the genres that existed at the time. Pachelbel lived the rest of his life in Nuremberg, during which he published the chamber music collection Musicalische Ergtzung, and, most importantly, the Hexachordum Apollinis (Nuremberg, 1699), a set of six keyboard arias with variations. Local organists in Nuremberg and Erfurt knew Pachelbel's music and occasionally performed it, but the public and the majority of composers and performers did not pay much attention to Pachelbel and his contemporaries. It's as simple as three violins, one cello, and eight bars of music repeated 28 times - but Johann Pachelbel 's . He made modest contributions to chamber music. Such an occurrence proves that the music of the magnificent maestro, Johann Hans Pachelbel, is truly timeless. Pachelbel was also a prolific vocal music composer: around a hundred of such works survive, including some 40 large-scale works. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. "almost the godfather of pop music". Pachelbel did not come from a wealthy family and earned meager sums serving as organist at the Lorenzkirche. Corrections? Household instruments like virginals or clavichords accompanied the singing, so Pachelbel and many of his contemporaries made music playable using these instruments. He was capable of playing the viola, violin, piano, harpsichord and organ. Listen to the melodious work here: https://youtu.be/NlprozGcs80. One important feature found in Gott ist unser Zuversicht and Nun danket alle Gott is that their endings are four-part chorale settings reminiscent of Pachelbel's organ chorale model: the chorale, presented in long note values, is sung by the sopranos, while the six lower parts accompany with passages in shorter note values: The arias, aside from the two 1679 works discussed above, are usually scored for solo voice accompanied by several instruments; most were written for occasions such as weddings, birthdays, funerals and baptisms. His teacher was Kaspar (Caspar) Prentz, once a student of Johann Caspar Kerll. Pachelbel's influence was mostly limited to his pupils, most notably Johann Christoph Bach, Johann Heinrich Buttstett, Andreas Nicolaus Vetter, and two of Pachelbel's sons, Wilhelm Hieronymus and Charles Theodore. The dance movements of the suites show traces of Italian (in the gigues of suites 2 and 6) and German (allemande appears in suites 1 and 2) influence, but the majority of the movements are clearly influenced by the French style. [12] With this document, Pachelbel left Eisenach on 18 May 1678. It also became a common feature of wedding celebrations, especially in the United States. Even if we don't know its name, we've all heard Johann Pachelbel's Canon in D, better known simply as Pachelbel's Canon and probably more than once at a wedding.But though Pachelbel composed the piece in the late 17th or early 18th century, it hasn't enjoyed a consistent presence in the world of music: the earliest manuscripts we know date from the 19th century, and its latest . 2. Pachelbels organ playing skills were said to be unrivaled and he is credited with helping to institute the tradition of German organ music. Less than a year after the death of his wife and child, Pachelbel married again to Judith Drommer. Played by Tibor Pinter on the sample set of the Marcussen organ, Moerdijk, Netherlands. Pachelbel was also permitted to study music outside the Gymnasium. Unfortunately, for a number of years after his death, Pachelbel and his music were hardly mentioned. Pachelbel made time for love and married Barbara Gabler in 1681. His most well known secular piece was Hexachordum Apollinis, which is a collection of 6 arias that have layers of harpsichord, as well as the organ. Johann Pachelbel's music was from the Baroque period. Barbara Gabler, daughter of the Stadt-Major of Erfurt, became his first wife, on 25 October 1681. Though Pachelbel created many beautiful chamber pieces, his most famous musical work is "Canon in D," sometimes called "Pachelbel's Canon." Four years after Christophe's death in 1682, the longtime tutor and Godfather purchased the family home from Christophe's widow. Charles Theodore was one of the first composers from Europe to continue his father's legacy in America, bringing the Pachelbel sound to churches in the colonies. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Christophe passed down everything that he had been taught by Pachelbel to his younger brother Johann Sebastian Bach, which is why it is said that Pachelbel influenced JS Bach heavily albeit indirectly. In 1677, Pachelbel moved to Eisenach, where he found employment as court organist under Kapellmeister Daniel Eberlin (also a native of Nuremberg), in the employ of Johann Georg I, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach. Pachelbel was buried in Nuremberg on March 9, 1706, and apparently had died on March 3. Pachelbels Canon uses a musical formthe canonthat is similar to that of the French folk song Frre Jacques though more complicated in design. In June 1684, Pachelbel purchased the house (called Zur silbernen Tasche, now Junkersand 1) from Johann Christian's widow. The motets are structured according to the text they use. The exact date of Johann's birth is unknown, but he was baptized on 1 September. One of these seven children would be the organist, harpsichordist, composer and Wilhelm Hieronymus Pachelbel, who was born 1686. He would serve for nearly 11 years in this post, producing his most famous vocal scores, as well as his great Magnificat fugues. Some of the fugues employ textures more suited for the harpsichord, particularly those with broken chord figuration. In his three years in Gotha, he was twice offered positions, in Germany at Stuttgart and in England at Oxford University; he declined both. Among the more significant materials are several manuscripts that were lost before and during World War II but partially available as microfilms of the Winterthur collection, a two-volume manuscript currently in possession of the Oxford Bodleian Library which is a major source for Pachelbel's late work, and the first part of the Tabulaturbuch (1692, currently at the Biblioteka Jagielloska in Krakw) compiled by Pachelbel's pupil Johann Valentin Eckelt[ca], which includes the only known Pachelbel autographs). noun pachelbel Johann [yoh-hahn] /yo hn/ (Show IPA), 1653-1706, German organist and composer. ), which soon became a standard form. When did justin start playing the piano? Johann Pachelbel has always been renowned for his work on keyboard instruments. This baroque form is called a, All of the following are true statements about cantatas except and more. Pachelbels Canon was relatively obscure until the late 20th century, when it experienced a surge in popularity. Walther's biography, published in 1732, is the only source to state that Pachelbel studied with Wecker; there is no direct evidence for that. The models Pachelbel used most frequently are the three-part cantus firmus setting, the chorale fugue and, most importantly, a model he invented which combined the two types. That job was better, but, unfortunately, he lived there only two years before fleeing the French attacks of the War of the Grand Alliance. Christophe learned the fundamentals of music and taught his younger brother, Sebastian, everything he learned from studying under Pachelbel. 5. Much of Pachelbel's liturgical organ music, particularly the chorale preludes, is relatively simple and written for manuals only: no pedal is required. Overview. Pachelbel spent a large portion of his life playing for churches across Germany and Vienna. The D major, D minor and F minor chaconnes are among Pachelbel's best-known organ pieces, and the latter is often cited as his best organ work. Updates? [6][n 3] In any case, both Wecker and Schwemmer were trained by Johann Erasmus Kindermann, one of the founders of the Nuremberg musical tradition, who had been at one time a pupil of Johann Staden. The suites do not adhere to a fixed structure: the allemande is only present in two suites, the gigues in four, two suites end with a chaconne, and the fourth suite contains two arias. Perhaps in a twisted turn of fate, Johann Hans Pachelbel died in March of 1706 as a result of the plague, similar to his first wife and son. It was originally written for three violins and a basso continuo, but later composers have transcribed it for many instruments. Classic FM busts the myths behind this enduring work. Throughout his life, Pachelbel served as a respected organist in various capacities. 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