In the Horn of Africa and Nile Valley, Afroasiatic languages predominate, including languages of the family's Cushitic (such as Beja, Oromo and Somali), Semitic (such as Amharic, Arabic and Tigrinya), and Omotic (such as Wolaytta) branches. Elephants and other wildlife require freedom to roam in search of food and freshwater. Moreover, this area had the potential for a significant residential expansion, being suitable for the relocation of a large number of British nationals to the region. But also because there are so many different tourist coasts along its length. Among these languages are Kikuyu, Luhya, Kinyarwanda, Kirundi, Kisukuma, Luganda and many others. East Africa is the part of Africa around and east of the Great Rift Valley, a land feature stretching from the Red Sea in the north, the Guardafui Channel in the east, and the Mozambique Channel in the southeast. [48] The Bantu expansion was a long series of physical migrations, a diffusion of language and knowledge out into and in from neighboring populations, and a creation of new societal groups involving inter-marriage among communities and small groups moving to communities and small groups moving to new areas. A gasflame nudibranch in False Bay, Cape Peninsula, South Africa Peet J. van Eeden (Photographer of the Year 2018 Entrant), ? Burundi, Rwanda, and Uganda have each faced instability and ethnic conflict since independence, most notably the 1994 Rwandan genocide and the 1993 Burundi genocide and subsequent Burundian Civil War. Meanwhile, in 1884, a narrow coastal strip of Somaliland came under British control (British Somaliland). The two currents do not "meet" anywhere along the south coast of Africa. The East Coast of South Africa is vast. The East African coast and the Western Indian Ocean are regions of global historical signi cance. Princeton, Princeton University Press. For example, men from local villages are now employed as game scouts, patrolling for poachers over hundreds of miles, often on foot. Logging also opens up previously inaccessible forests to poachers and illegal wildlife traders. Within minutes, the blindingly bright white flats had been obscured by the downpour, and I lost the shark in the rain. There appears also to have been a rather extensive trade with the island of Madagascar. [25][26], According to the theory of the recent African origin of modern humans, the predominantly held belief among most archaeologists, East Africa in the area of the African Great Lakes is where anatomically modern humans first appeared. It spans 11,430 square miles (Mozambiques portion is 2,470 square miles), is the eighth largest fresh water lake in the world and second deepest in Africa. The Indian Ocean trade was conducted through the barter system but later coins were used as a medium of exchange. East coast rock lobsters found in the Indo-West Pacific region, from East Africa along the coast of the Indian Ocean, as far as the Malay Archipelago, and then along the coasts of the Pacific Ocean to Japan in the north and Australia, New Caledonia and probably the Marquesas Islands in the south. Safaris, discussions & donations that make a real difference in Africa. Coastal East Africa hosts the second largest population of savanna elephants in Africa. WWF and 1986 Panda Symbol are owned by WWF. Weather extremes also severely threaten the regions traditional livelihoods of farming and fishing. Increased numbers of fish in the sanctuary areas benefit local fishermen who catch more fish in the surrounding areas, and have fueled a profitable tourism industry. By the late nineteenth century, the slave trade on the open seas had been completely outlawed by the British and the Omani Arabs had little ability to resist the British navy's ability to enforce the directive. And four species of commercially important tunabigeye, albacore, yellowfin and skipjackare found here. Around 1,200 miles from the east coast of Africa, Mauritius is best known for its beautiful beaches, lagoons, reefs, and rainforests. It is observed by the authors of three 2018 studies on the site, that the evidence of these behaviors is approximately contemporary to the earliest known Homo sapiens fossil remains from Africa (such as at Jebel Irhoud and Florisbad), and they suggest that complex and modern behaviors had already begun in Africa around the time of the emergence of Homo sapiens. Only in quite recent times has agriculture spread to the more humid regions south of the equator, through the spread of cattle, sheep and crops such as millet. Most of the peoples of Eritrea and Ethiopiaand some of those in Tanzania and Kenyaspeak languages belonging to the Cushitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic languages. Area 1,420,236 square miles (3,678,394 square km). The east coast of Africa holds a bounty of life that rivals the land. At altitudes of above 2,500 metres (8,202ft), frosts are common during the dry season and maxima typically about 21C (70F) or less. They sailed there with the northeast monsoon, returning home in the summer with the southwest. The main coastal settlements were situated on islands, largely, no doubt, because of the greater security these provided against attacks from the mainland; and their populations seem mostly to have been made up from migrants from the Persian Gulfsome from the great port of Srf, others from near Bahrainthough conceivably some too came from Daybul, at the mouth of the Indus River, in northwestern India. Further information in the sections of Architecture of Africa: Further information in the sections of History of science and technology in Africa: Since the end of colonialism, several East African countries were riven with military coups, ethnic violence and oppressive dictators. Apparently established in the 9th century, it is distinguished for its seawalls of coral blocks, each of which weighs up to a ton. By 2050, there could be more plastic than fish in the seas by weight, according to one estimate. [62][63] These early writings perhaps document the first wave of Bantu settlers to reach central east Africa during their migration.[64]. 1969. This includes some of the biggest animals in the sea: whale sharks, giant manta rays, humpback whales, dolphins, tiger sharks, and all the colors and wonder of tropical fish and coral reefs. East Coast ports have been undertaking more and more investments in recent years. All travel bookings booked via Trust my Travel are financially protected by them. Sunday 6 October 2002. [46] It existed from approximately 100940 CE, growing from the proto-Aksumite Iron Age period c. 4th century BCE to achieve prominence by the 1st century CE. The ocean's name, derived from Greek mythology, means the "Sea of Atlas." It is second in size to the Pacific Ocean. Just off the coast of Kenya, it's a peaceful island, free of cars and surrounded by the Indian Ocean. The rare and protected tiger rockcod at Rocktail Bay, iSimangaliso Marine Park, South Africa Peet J. van Eeden (Photographer of the Year 2018 entrant), The tiger rock cod is a rare saltwater fish species. Washington, DC 20037. In southwest Africa, the plains and plateaus of Namibia are found . Climate change is expected to intensify these and other problems. 7 Days in Entebbe, The Last King of Scotland, Out of Africa, Queen of Katwe, The Constant Gardener, Hotel Rwanda, The Good Lie, and Captain Phillips are a few of the critically acclaimed movies. Portuguese trading stations in East Africa and the Slave trade. Shadows in the water at the Aliwal Shoal, South Africa Christophe Lapeze (Photographer of the Year 2017 Entrant), ? WWF strives to develop practical solutions to address the conflict that frequently occurs between people and wildlife. They dubbed the part of the coast to which they sailed Azania, or the Land of Zanjby which they meant the land of the blacks and by which they knew it until the 10th century. The situation is exacerbated by large-scale illegal logging, which is often exported to international markets. Omani Arab colonization of the Kenyan and Tanzanian coasts brought the once independent city-states under closer foreign scrutiny and domination than was experienced during the Portuguese period. Evidence was found in 2018, dating to about 320,000 years ago, at the Kenyan site of Olorgesailie, of the early emergence of modern behaviors associated with Homo sapiens, including: long-distance trade networks (involving goods such as obsidian), the use of pigments, and the possible making of projectile points. Wildlife need corridors to move safely and easily between protected areas. KHALED DESOUKI/AFP/Getty Images. This answer is: Eastern Africa had an estimated population of 260 million in 2000. South of Sarapion, Nikon, the Pyralaae Islands, and the island of Diorux (about whose precise location only speculation seems possible), the chief town was Rhapta, which may lie buried in the Rufiji delta of present-day Tanzania. The Indian Ocean has cast up a wealth of literature that merges fact and fiction, the most familiar to us being The Seven Voyages of Sindbad as passed down in the The Arabian Nights. Turn-of-the-century maritime photographs, dhows off the east African coast Monsoon Dhows Sailors have harnessed the Indian Ocean's monsoon winds for at least two millennia. The water temperature right now is at least 32F and at most 85F. This article covers the history of the area from ancient times through the 20th century. South Sudanese independence was nearly derailed by the South Kordofan conflict, particularly a dispute over the status of the Abyei Area, and both Abyei and South Kordofan's Nuba Hills remained a source of tension between Juba and Khartoum as of 2011[update]. The Periplus Maris Erythraei. Over a period of many centuries, most hunting-foraging peoples were displaced and absorbed by incoming Bantu communities, as well as by later Nilotic communities. 2010-10-06 07:36:31. Some of the earliest hominin skeletal remains have been found in the wider region, including fossils discovered in the Awash Valley of Ethiopia, as well as in the Koobi Fora in Kenya and Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania. It imported large quantities of Islamic pottery and, in the 9th and 10th centuries, Chinese porcelain. The largest ethnic groups in eastern Africa are the Oromo, Cushitic speakers who occupy much of southern Ethiopia, and the related Somali, who occupy all of Somalia, southeastern Ethiopia, and much of Djibouti. With $1.9 million in funding from the Global Environment Facility, an African Nature-Based Tourism Collaborative Platform is being developed to connect funders to communities and small and medium enterprises involved in nature-based tourism in eastern and southern Africaand who are most affected by the loss of revenue due to Covid-19. Networking & debating APP subscribers only, TRUSTED CONSERVATION PROJECTS We also introduced a new program of raising goats and offered improved husbandry techniques to reduce the animals impact on vegetation and crops. [37][38][39], In September 2019, scientists reported the computerized determination, based on 260 CT scans, of a virtual skull shape of the last common human ancestor to modern humans/H. The equator runs through Africa, from Gabon in the west to Somalia in the east, and nearly splits the continent into two equal parts. Experts say it is time . Organised by The Society for Arabian Studies. You really can walk across the Red Sea at Sharm el-Sheik. With its original speech community centered on the coastal parts of Tanzania (particularly Zanzibar) and Kenyaa seaboard referred to as the Swahili Coastthe Bantu Swahili language contains many Arabic loan-words as a consequence of these interactions. Unusually, most of the rain falls in two distinct wet seasons, one centred on April and the other in October or November. Coverage of the regions physical and human geography can be found in the article Africa. [30][31] The recognition of Homo sapiens idaltu and Omo Kibish as anatomically modern humans would justify the description of contemporary humans with the subspecies name Homo sapiens sapiens. Joint operations have also improved the collaboration among different law enforcement institutions. In and around Quirimbas National Park in northern Mozambique, we have worked with farmers to minimize physical confrontation with elephants, protect crop fields and save lives. Popular Destinations Tanzania It has official status in Tanzania, Kenya and Uganda. Though there is some suggestion that in the 10th century the Muslims had not yet begun to move farther south than Somalia, on Qanbalu they soon became rulers of a pagan population, whose language they adopted. The Gulf Stream, paired with the eastern . However, the town was taken and destroyed, and its large treasures went to strengthen the resources of Almeida. Photo Galleries, Photographer of the Year, TRAVEL & CONSERVATION COMPANY The British also held a number of island colonies in the region, including the extended archipelago of Seychelles and the rich farming island of Mauritius, previously under the French sovereignty. The easternmost point of the continent, that is Ras Hafun in Somalia, is of archaeological, historical and economical importance. All rights reserved. The Western Rift Valley curves along the western borders of Uganda and Tanzania. In fact, a 2015 study published in Geophysical Research Letters showed that by closely watching these tropical disturbances off the coast of western Africa, researchers . Overharvesting of timber and illegal commercial logging continue to threaten forests in Coastal East Africa. 1: The Swahili Coast of East Africa | From 1000 to 1500 CE, numerous Swahili states emerged along this 1,000 mile stretch from Mogadishu in the north (present-day Somalia) to Sofala in the south (present-day Mozambique). The Omani presence continued in Zanzibar and Pemba until the Zanzibar Revolution in 1964. Because of a combination of the region's generally high altitude and the rain shadow of the westerly monsoon winds created by the Rwenzori Mountains and Ethiopian Highlands, East Africa is surprisingly cool and dry for its latitude. During the following fifteen centuries, the Bantu slowly intensified farming and grazing over all suitable regions of East Africa, in the process making contact with Austronesian- and Arabic-speaking settlers on southern coastal areas. 1. Between 2500 and 3000 years ago, Bantu-speaking peoples began a millennia-long series of migrations eastward from their homeland around southern Cameroon. Map Directions Satellite Photo Map Wikivoyage Wikipedia Photo: Wikimedia, CC BY-SA 3.0. Twin parallel rift valleys that are part of the East African Rift System run through the region. When we think "Africa," we think of the "Big Five"lions, elephants, leopards, buffalo and rhinosthat crisscross the African Savannah. [28] Some researchers have suggested that North Africa was the region of Africa from which modern humans who first trekked out of the continent. The east African island map will guide you through Madagascar which is situated off the coast of Mozambique. Today's crossword puzzle clue is a general knowledge one: Republic in East Africa, on the Indian Ocean. It spans two oceans as it winds its way down the Atlantic seaboard in the west and up into the warmer Indian Ocean waters to the east. West of the Rwenzoris and Ethiopian highlands, the rainfall pattern is more typically tropical, with rain throughout the year near the equator and a single wet season in most of the Ethiopian Highlands from June to September contracting to July and August around Asmara. Not a lot is known about the species, but they occur in deep water reefs and is vulnerable to overfishing. The Big Five of the Ocean: Exploring the Waters of East Africa. Credit: DOI: 10.1038/s41561-021-00809-x. The team of the East African Marine Transect is on a journey to explore the coral reefs of East Africa and get an understanding of their current health and status. Established 1991, BEST SAFARI PRICES Encyclopedia Britannica, inc, Jacob E. Safra, J. D. Fage, A history of Africa, Routledge, 2002, p.29, Daniel Don Nanjira, African Foreign Policy and Diplomacy: From Antiquity to the 21st Century, ABC-CLIO, 2010, p.114. A map drawn in Spain dated 1375, showing the king of Mali holding a gold nugget. These city-states built connections to the rest of the world while maintaining cultural, political, and economic connections with each other. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. editors@africageographic.com External trade was increasing: glass beads were being imported from India, and porcelains, transshipped either in India or in the Persian Gulf, were arriving from China. Within this region, WWF works in Kenya, Tanzania and Mozambique and the western part of the Indian Ocean. This volume contains papers rst presented at the conference, Early Maritime Cultures of the East Zanzibar is now a semi-autonomous state in a union with the mainland which is collectively and commonly referred to as Tanzania. This has led to major pollution and overfishing. East Africa Discover East Africa & the Indian Ocean Islands - Enjoy Breathtaking Scenery, Wonderful Plants & Trees, Countless Varieties of Birds & Abundant Wildlife East Africa is home to some of the continent's most famous sights, but also some of its least explored corners. The kingdom of kush was an empire situated in the Nile Valley from 1070 bc to 550 AD,The kingdom would ultimatly This ocean stretches around the world at southern latitudes, where it circumnavigates Antarctica. 1250 24th Street, N.W. In Mozambique, WWF helped initiate a new law that makes TEDs mandatory in the countrys shrimp trawl fleet. sapiens, representative of the earliest Homo sapiens, and suggested that Homo sapiens arose between 350,000 and 260,000 years ago through a merging of populations in South and East Africa. It is lined with coral reefs, majestic islands, and, under the surface, animals bigger than any of the "Big Five", and none of them are in game parks! Outside of protected areas, WWF supports joint antipoaching efforts, involving police, military and park service staff. In the high mountains rainfall can be over 2,500mm (98in). We measure sea temperature daily in 73 countries or regions, including: Azores, South Africa, England, Angola, Argentina, Bahamas, Barbados, Benin, Bermuda and Brazil . Ancient Africa's east coast was home to trading cities, a region that subsists primarily on international import and export. East Africa, Eastern Africa, or East of Africa, is the eastern subregion of the African continent. The earliest written accounts of the East African coast occur in the Periplus Maris Erythraeiapparently written by a Greek merchant living in Egypt in the second half of the 1st century ceand in Ptolemys Guide to Geography, the East African section of which, in its extant form, probably represents a compilation of geographic knowledge available at Byzantium about 400. Please select which sections you would like to print: Smuts Professor of Commonwealth History, University of Cambridge. Over several centuries countless East Africans were sold as slaves by Muslim Arabs to the Middle East and other places via the Sahara desert and Indian Ocean. Aiming to reduce illegal activities, WWF helped the governments of Tanzania and Mozambique agree to work cooperatively on improving forest management. [74] In Ethiopia, there is an estimated population of 102million as of 2016.[75]. The park is Africas largest marine protected arearich with coral reefs, dugongs, dolphins, marine turtles, whales, sharks and hundreds of species of fish. Stay safe. Casson, Lionel (1989). Author of, Distinguished Professor of History and African Studies, Michigan State University, East Lansing. Sodwana Bay is the oldest marine reserve in South Africa and its healthy reefs and rich; diverse marine life is a prime example of this. ~ Geo Cloete, ? Drink. Approximately 55,000 people live in or around the Quirimbas marine reserve off the coast of Mozambique. Within this region, WWF works in Kenya, Tanzania and Mozambique and the western part of the Indian Ocean. The trading ships made their way down the east coast of Africa stopping at towns to trade for African goods such as ivory, gold, myrrh to make a fine skin oil, animal skins, frankincense and ambergris used to make perfumes, and slaves. Local communities need the ability to protect their resources against illegal activities. 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